| Tests |
Conventional Units |
SI Units |
| Acetaminophen, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
10–30 µg/mL |
66–199 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 200 µg/mL |
> 1324 µmol/L |
| Acetone |
|
|
| Serum |
|
|
| Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| Quantitative |
0.3–2.0 mg/dL |
0.05–0.34 mmol/L |
| Urine |
|
|
| Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| Acid hemolysis test (Ham) |
< 5% lysis |
< 0.05 lysed fraction |
| Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), plasma |
|
|
| 8 A.M. |
< 120 pg/mL |
< 26 pmol/L |
| Midnight (supine) |
< 10 pg/mL |
< 2.2 pmol/L |
| *Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), serum |
|
|
| Male |
13–40 U/L (37°C) |
0.22–0.68 µkat/L (37°C) |
| Female |
10–28 U/L (37°C) |
0.17–0.48 µkat/L (37°C) |
| Albumin |
|
|
| Serum |
|
|
| Adult |
3.5–5.2 g/dL |
35–52 g/L |
| > 60 y |
3.2–4.6 g/dL |
32–46 g/L |
|
Avg. of 0.3 g/dL higher in upright individuals |
Avg. of 3 g/L higher in upright individuals |
| Urine |
|
|
| Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| Quantitative |
50–80 mg/24 h |
50–80 mg/24 h |
| CSF |
10–30 mg/dL |
100–300 mg/L |
| *Aldolase, serum |
1.0–7.5 U/L (30°C) |
0.02–0.13 µkat/L (30°C) |
| Aldosterone |
|
|
| Serum |
|
|
| Supine |
3–16 ng/dL |
0.08–0.44 nmol/L |
| Standing |
7–30 ng/dL |
0.19–0.83 nmol/L |
| Urine |
3–19 µg/24 h |
8–51 nmol/24 h |
| Amikacin, serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
|
|
| Peak |
25–35 µg/mL |
43–60 µmol/L |
| Trough |
|
|
| Less severe infection |
1–4 µg/mL |
1.7–6.8 µmol/L |
| Life-threatening infection |
4–8 µg/mL |
6.8–13.7 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
|
|
| Peak |
> 35–40 µg/mL |
> 60–68 µmol/L |
| Trough |
> 10–15 µg/mL |
> 17–26 µmol/L |
| d-Aminolevulinic acid, urine |
1.3–7.0 mg/24 h |
10–53 µmol/24 h |
| Amitriptyline, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (³ 12 h after dose) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
80–250 ng/mL |
289–903 nmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 500 ng/mL |
> 1805 nmol/L |
| Ammonia |
|
|
| Plasma (Hep) |
9–33 µmol/L |
9–33 µmol/L |
| *Amylase |
|
|
| Serum |
27–131 U/L |
0.46–2.23 µkat/L |
| Urine |
1–17 U/h |
0.017–0.29 µkat/h |
| Amylase/creatinine clearance ratio |
1–4% |
0.01–0.04 |
| Androstenedione, serum |
|
|
| Male |
75–205 ng/dL |
2.6–7.2 nmol/L |
| Female |
85–275 ng/dL |
3.0–9.6 nmol/L |
| Anion gap |
|
|
| (Na - (Cl + HCO3)) |
7–16 mEq/L |
7–16 mmol/L |
| ((Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)) |
10–20 mEq/L |
10–20 mmol/L |
| a1-Antitrypsin, serum |
78–200 mg/dL |
0.78–2.00 g/L |
| Apolipoprotein A-I |
|
|
| Male |
94–178 mg/dL |
0.94–1.78 g/L |
| Female |
101–199 mg/dL |
1.01–1.99 g/L |
| Apolipoprotein B |
|
|
| Male |
63–133 mg/dL |
0.63–1.33 g/L |
| Female |
60–126 mg/dL |
0.60–1.26 g/L |
| Arsenic |
|
|
| Whole blood (Hep) |
0.2–2.3 µg/dL |
0.03–0.31 µmol/L |
| Chronic poisoning |
10–50 µg/dL |
1.33–6.65 µmol/L |
| Acute poisoning |
60–930 µg/dL |
7.98–124 µmol/L |
| Urine, 24 h |
5–50 µg/d |
0.07–0.67 µmol/d |
| Ascorbic acid, plasma (Ox, Hep, EDTA) |
0.4–1.5 mg/dL |
23–85 µmol/L |
| *Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), serum |
10–59 U/L (37°C) |
0.17–1.00 -2 to +3 kat/L (37°C) |
| Base excess, blood (Hep) |
-2 to +3 mEq/L |
-2 to +3 mmol/L |
| Bicarbonate, serum (venous) |
22–29 mEq/L |
22–29 mmol/L |
| *Bilirubin |
|
|
| Serum |
|
|
| Adult |
|
|
| Conjugated |
0.03–0.3 mg/dL |
0–5 µmol/L |
| Unconjugated |
0.1–1.1 mg/dL |
1.7–19 µmol/L |
| Delta |
0–0.2 mg/dL |
0–3 µmol/L |
| Total |
0.2–1.3 mg/L |
3–22 µmol/L |
| Neonates |
|
|
| Conjugated |
0–0.6 mg/dL |
0–10 µmol/L |
| Unconjugated |
0.6–10.5 mg/dL |
10–180 µmol/L |
| Total |
1.5–12 mg/dL |
1.7–180 µmol/L |
| Urine, qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| Bone marrow, differential cell count |
|
|
| Adult |
|
|
| Undifferentiated cells |
0–1% |
0–0.01 |
| Myeloblast |
0–2% |
0–0.02 |
| Promyelocyte |
0–4% |
0–0.04 |
| Myelocytes |
|
|
| Neutrophilic |
5–20% |
0.05–0.20 |
| Eosinophilic |
0–3% |
0–0.03 |
| Basophilic |
0–1% |
0–0.01 |
| Metamyelocytes and bands |
|
|
| Neutrophilic |
5–35% |
0.05–0.35 |
| Eosinophilic |
0–5% |
0–0.05 |
| Basophilic |
0–1% |
0–0.01 |
| Segmented neutrophils |
5–15% |
0.05–0.15 |
| Pronormoblast |
0–1.5% |
0–0.015 |
| Basophilic normoblast |
0–5% |
0–0.05 |
| Polychromatophilic normoblast |
5–30% |
0.05–0.30 |
| Orthochromatic normoblast |
5–10% |
0.05–0.10 |
| Lymphocytes |
10–20% |
0.10–0.20 |
| Plasma cells |
0–2% |
0–0.02 |
| Monocytes |
0–5% |
0–0.05 |
| CA 125, serum |
< 35 U/mL |
< 35 kU/L |
| CA 15-3, serum |
< 30 U/mL |
< 30 kU/L |
| CA 19-9, serum |
< 37 U/mL |
< 37 kU/L |
| Cadmium, whole blood (Hep) |
0.1–0.5 µg/dL |
8.9–44.5 nmol/L |
| Toxic |
10–300 µg/dL |
0.89–26.70 µmol/L |
| Cadmium, urine, 24 h |
< 15 µg/d |
< 0.13 µmol/d |
| Calcitonin, serum or plasma (Hep, EDTA) |
|
|
| Male |
£ 100 pg/mL |
£ 100 ng/L |
| Female |
£ 30 pg/mL |
£ 30 ng/L |
| Calcium, serum |
8.6–10.0 mg/dL |
2.15–2.50 mmol/L |
|
(Slightly higher in children) |
(Slightly higher in children) |
| Calcium, ionized, serum |
4.64–5.28 mg/dL |
1.16–1.32 mmol/L |
| Calcium, urine |
|
|
| Low calcium diet |
50–150 mg/24 h |
1.25–3.75 mmol/24 h |
| Usual diet; trough |
100–300 mg/24 h |
2.50–7.50 mmol/24 h |
| Carbamazepine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA), trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
4–12 µg/mL |
17–51 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 15 µg/mL |
> 63 µmol/L |
| Carbon dioxide, total, serum/plasma (Hep) |
22–28 mmol/L |
Same |
| Carbon dioxide (PCO2, blood, arterial |
Male 35–48 mm Hg
|
4.66–6.38 kPa
|
|
Female 32–45 mm Hg |
4.26–5.99 kPa |
| Carbon monoxide as carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), whole blood (EDTA) |
|
|
| Nonsmokers |
0.5–1.5% total Hb |
0.005–0.015 HbCO fraction |
| Smokers |
|
|
| 1–2 packs/d |
4–5% total Hb |
0.04–0.05 HbCO fraction |
| > 2 packs/d |
8–9% total Hb |
0.08–0.09 HbCO fraction |
| Toxic |
> 20% total Hb |
> 0.20 HbCO fraction |
| Lethal |
> 50% total Hb |
> 0.5 HbCO fraction |
| Carotene, serum |
10–85 µg/dL |
0.19–1.58 µmol/L |
| Catecholamines, plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Dopamine |
< 30 pg/mL |
< 196 pmol/L |
| Epinephrine |
< 140 pg/mL |
< 764 pmol/L |
| Norepinephrine |
< 1700 pg/mL |
< 10,047 pmol/L |
| Catecholamines, urine |
|
|
| Dopamine |
65–400 µg/24 h |
425–2610 nmol/24 h |
| Epinephrine |
0–20 µg/24 h |
0–109 nmol/24 h |
| Norepinephrine |
15–80 µg/24 h |
89–473 nmol/24 h |
| CEA, serum |
|
|
| Nonsmokers |
< 5.0 ng/mL |
< 5.0 µg/L |
| *Cell counts, adult |
|
|
| RBC Male |
4.7–6.1 × 106/µL |
4.7–6.1 × 1012/L |
| RBC Female |
4.2–5.4 × 106/µL |
4.2–5.4 × 1012/L |
| Leukocytes |
|
|
| Total |
4.8–10.8 × 103/µL |
4.8–10.8 × 106/L |
| Differential |
Percentage Absolute |
Absolute (SI) |
| Myelocytes |
0% 0/µL |
0/L |
| Neutrophils |
|
|
| Band |
3–5% 150–400/µL |
150–400 × 106/L |
| Segmented |
54–62% 3000–5800/µL |
3000–5800 × 106/L |
| Lymphocytes |
20.5–51.1% 1.2–3.4 × 103/µL |
1.2–3.4 × 109/L |
| Monocytes |
1.7–9.3% 0.11–0.59 × 103/µL |
0.11–0.59 × 109/L |
| Granulocytes |
42.2–75.2% 1.4–6.5 × 103/µL |
1.4–6.5 × 109/L |
| Eosinophils |
0–0.07 × 103/µL |
0–0.7 × 109/L |
| Basophils |
0–0.2 × 103/µL |
0–0.2 × 109/L |
| Platelets |
130–400 × 103/µL |
130–400 × 109/L |
| Reticulocytes |
0.5–1.5% red cells |
0.005–0.015 of RBC |
|
24,000–84,000/µL |
24–84 × 109/L |
| Cells, CSF |
0–10 lymphocytes/mm3 |
Same |
|
0 RBC/mm3 |
Same |
| Ceruloplasmin, serum |
20–60 mg/dL |
0.2–0.6 g/L |
| Chloramphenicol, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
10–25 µg/mL |
31–77 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 25 µg/mL |
> 77 µmol/L |
| Chloride |
|
|
| Serum or plasma (Hep) |
98–107 mmol/L |
98–107 mmol/L |
| Sweat |
|
|
| Normal |
5–35 mmol/L |
Same |
| Cystic fibrosis |
60–200 mmol/L |
Same |
| Urine, 24 h (vary greatly with Cl intake) |
|
|
| Infant |
2–10 mmol/24 h |
Same |
| Child |
15–40 mmol/24 h |
Same |
| Adult |
110–250 mmol/24 h |
Same |
| CSF |
118–132 mmol/L (20 mmol/L higher than serum) |
Same |
| Cholesterol, serum |
|
|
| Adult |
desirable: < 200 mg/dL |
desirable: < 5.2 mmol/L |
|
borderline: 200–239 mg/dL |
borderline: 5.2–6.2 mmol/L |
|
high risk: ³ 240 mg/dL |
high risk: ³ 6.2 mmol/L |
| *Cholinesterase, serum |
4.9–11.9 U/mL |
4.9–11.9 kU/L |
| Dibucaine inhibition |
79–84% |
0.79–0.84 |
| Fluoride inhibition |
58–64% |
0.58–0.64 |
| *Chorionic gonadotropin, intact |
|
|
| Serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Male and nonpregnant female |
< 5.0 mIU/mL |
< 5.0 IU/L |
| Pregnant female |
Varies with gestational age |
|
| Urine, qualitative |
|
|
| Male and nonpregnant female |
Negative |
Negative |
| Pregnant female |
Positive |
Positive |
| Clonazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
15–60 ng/mL |
48–190 nmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 80 ng/mL |
> 254 nmol/L |
| Coagulation tests |
|
|
| Antithrombin III (synthetic substrate) |
80–120% of normal |
0.8–1.2 of normal |
| Bleeding time (Duke) |
0–6 min |
0–6 min |
| Bleeding time (Ivy) |
1–6 min |
1–6 min |
| Bleeding time (template) |
2.3–9.5 min |
2.3–9.5 min |
| Clot retraction, qualitative |
50–100% in 2 h |
0.5–1.0/2 h |
| Coagulation time (Lee-White) |
5–15 min (glass tubes)
19–60 min (siliconized tubes) |
5–15 min (glass tubes)
19–60 min (siliconized tubes) |
| Cold hemolysin test (Donath-Landsteiner) |
No hemolysis |
No hemolysis |
| Complement components |
|
|
| Total hemolytic complement activity, plasma (EDTA) |
75–160 U/mL |
75–160 kU/L |
| Total complement decay rate (functional), plasma (EDTA) |
10–20%
Deficiency: > 50% |
Fraction decay rate:
0.10–0.20
> 0.50 |
| C1q, serum |
14.9–22.1 mg/dL |
149–221 mg/L |
| C1r, serum |
2.5–10.0 mg/dL |
25–100 mg/L |
| C1s(C2 esterase), serum |
5.0–10.0 mg/dL |
50–100 mg/L |
| C2, serum |
1.6–3.6 mg/dL |
16–36 mg/L |
| C3, serum |
90–180 mg/dL |
0.9–1.8 g/L |
| C4, serum |
10–40 mg/dL |
0.1–0.4 g/L |
| C5, serum |
5.5–11.3 mg/dL |
55–113 mg/L |
| C6, serum |
17.9–23.9 mg/dL |
179–239 mg/L |
| C7, serum |
2.7–7.4 mg/dL |
27–74 mg/L |
| C8, serum |
4.9–10.6 mg/dL |
49–106 mg/L |
| C9, serum |
3.3–9.5 mg/dL |
33–95 mg/L |
| Coombs' test |
|
|
| Direct |
Negative |
Negative |
| Indirect |
Negative |
Negative |
| Copper |
|
|
| Serum |
|
|
| Male |
70–140 µg/dL |
11–22 µmol/L |
| Female |
80–155 µg/dL |
13–24 µmol/L |
| Urine |
3–35 µg/24 h |
0.05–0.55 µmol/24 h |
| Corpuscular values of erthrocytes (values are for adults; in children, values vary with age) |
|
|
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) |
27–31 pg |
0.42–0.48 fmol |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) |
33–37 g/dL |
330–370 g/L |
| Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) |
Male: 80–94 µ3
|
Male: 80–94 fL
|
|
Female: 81–99 µ3 |
Female: 81–99 fL |
| Cortisol, serum |
|
|
| Plasma (Hep, EDTA, Ox) |
|
|
| 8 A.M. |
5–23 µg/dL |
138–635 nmol/L |
| 4 P.M. |
3–16 µg/dL |
83–441 nmol/L |
| 10 P.M. |
< 50% of 8 A.M. value |
< 0.5 of 8 A.M. value |
| Free, urine |
< 50 µg/24 h |
< 138 mmol/24 h |
| *†Creatine kinase (CK), serum |
|
|
| Male |
15–105 U/L (30°C) |
0.26–1.79 µkat/L (30°C) |
| Female |
10–80 U/L (30°C) |
0.17–1.36 µkat/L (30°C) |
| Note: Strenuous exercise or intramuscular injections may cause transient elevation of CK. |
|
|
| *Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, serum |
0–7 ng/mL |
0–7 µg/L |
| *Creatinine |
|
|
| Serum or plasma, adult |
|
|
| Male |
0.7–1.3 mg/dL |
62–115 µmol/L |
| Female |
0.6–1.1 mg/dL |
53–97 µmol/L |
| Urine |
|
|
| Male |
14–26 mg/kg body weight/24 h |
124–230 µmol/kg body weight/24 h |
| Female |
11–20 mg/kg body weight/24 h |
97–177 µmol/kg body weight/24 h |
| *Creatinine clearance, sum or plasma and urine |
|
|
| Male |
94–140 mL/min/1.73 m2 |
0.91–1.35 mL/s/m2 |
| Female |
72–110 mL/min/1.73 m2 |
0.69–1.06 mL/s/m2 |
| Cryoglobulins, serum |
0 |
0 |
| Cyanide |
|
|
| Serum |
|
|
| Nonsmokers |
0.004 mg/L |
0.15 µmol/L |
| Smokers |
0.006 mg/L |
0.23 µmol/L |
| Nitroprusside therapy |
0.01–0.06 mg/L |
0.38–2.30 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 0.1 mg/L |
> 3.84 µmol/L |
| Whole blood (Ox) |
|
|
| Nonsmokers |
0.016 mg/L |
0.61 µmol/L |
| Smokers |
0.041 mg/L |
1.57 µmol/L |
| Nitroprusside therapy |
0.05–0.5 mg/L |
1.92–19.20 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 1 mg/L |
> 38.40 µmol/L |
| Cyclic AMP |
|
|
| Plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Male |
4.6–8.6 nl/mL |
14–26 nmol/L |
| Female |
4.3–7.6 ng/mL |
13–23 nmol/L |
| Urine, 24 h |
0.3–3.6 mg/d or
|
1.0–10.9 µmol/d or
|
|
0.29–2.1 mg/g creatinine |
100–723 µmol/mol creatinine |
| Cystine or cysteine, urine, qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| *C-Peptide, serum |
0.78–1.89 ng/mL |
0.26–0.62 nmol/L |
| C-Reactive protein, serum |
< 0.5 mg/dL |
< 5 mg/L |
| *¹Cyclosporine, whole blood |
|
|
| Therapeutic, trough |
100–200 ng/mL |
83–166 nmol/L |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), serum |
|
|
| Male |
180–1250 ng/dL |
6.2–43.3 nmol/L |
| Female |
130–980 ng/dL |
4.5–34.0 nmol/L |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), serum or plasma (Hep, EDTA) |
|
|
| Male |
59–452 µg/mL |
1.6–12.2 µmol/L |
| Female |
|
|
| Premenopausal |
12–379 µg/mL |
0.8–10.2 µmol/L |
| Postmenopausal |
30–260 µg/mL |
0.8–7.1 µmol/L |
| Desipramine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (12 h after dose) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
75–300 ng/mL |
281–1125 nmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 400 ng/mL |
>1500 nmol/L |
| Diazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
100–1000 ng/mL |
0.35–3.51 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 5000 ng/mL |
> 17.55 µmol/L |
| Digitoxin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 7.8 h after dose |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
20–35 ng/mL |
26–46 nmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 45 ng/mL |
> 59 nmol/L |
| Digoxin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); ³ 12 h after dose |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
|
|
| CHF |
0.8–1.5 ng/mL |
1.0–1.9 nmol/L |
| Arrhythmias |
1.5–2.0 ng/mL |
1.9–2.6 nmol/L |
| Toxic |
|
|
| Adult |
> 2.5 ng/mL |
> 3.2 nmol/L |
| Child |
> 3.0 ng/mL |
> 3.8 nmol/L |
| Disopyramide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic arrhythmias |
|
|
| Atrial |
2.8–3.2 µg/mL |
8.3–9.4 µmol/L |
| Ventricular |
3.3–7.5 µg/mL |
9.7–22 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 7 µg/mL |
> 20.7 µmol/L |
| Doxepin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (³ 12 h after dose) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
150–250 ng/mL |
537–895 nmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 500 ng/mL |
> 1790 nmol/L |
| *Estradiol, serum |
|
|
| Adult |
|
|
| Male |
10–50 pg/mL |
37–184 pmol/L |
| Female |
Varies with menstrual cycle |
|
| Ethanol, whole blood (Ox) or serum |
|
|
| Depression of CNS |
> 100 mg/dL |
> 21.7 mmol/L |
| Fatalities reported |
> 400 mg/dL |
> 86.8 mmol/L |
| Ethosuximide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
40–100 µg/mL |
283–708 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 150 µg/mL |
> 1062 µmol/L |
| Euglobin lysis |
No lysis in 2 h |
No lysis in 2 h |
| a-Fetoprotein (AFP), serum |
< 15 ng/mL |
< 15 µg/L |
| Fat, fecal, F, 72 h |
|
|
| Infant, breast-fed |
< 1 g/d |
Same |
| 0–6 y |
< 2 g/d |
Same |
| Adult |
< 7 g/d |
Same |
| Adult (fat-free diet) |
< 4 g/d |
Same |
| §Fatty acids, total, serum |
190–420 mg/dL |
7–15 mmol/L |
| Nonesterified, serum |
8–25 mg/dL |
0.28–0.89 mmol/L |
| Ferritin, serum |
|
|
| Male |
20–250 ng/mL |
20–250 µg/L |
| Female |
10–120 ng/mL |
10–120 µg/L |
| Ferritin values of < 20 ng/mL (20 µg/L) have been reported to be generally associated with depleted iron stores |
|
|
| Fribrin degradation products |
< 10 µg/mL |
< 10 mg/L |
| *Fibrinogen, plasma (NaCit) |
200–400 mg/dL |
2–4 g/L |
| Fluoride |
|
|
| Plasma (Hep) |
0.01–0.2 µg/mL |
0.5–10.5 µmol/L |
| Urine |
0.2–3.2 µg/mL |
10.5–168 µmol/L |
| Urine, occupational exposure |
< 8 µg/mL |
< 421 µmol/L |
| *Folate |
|
|
Serum
|
3–20 ng/mL
|
7–45 nmol/L
|
| Erythrocytes |
140–628 ng/mL RBC |
317–1422 nmol/L RBC |
| *Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), serum and plasma (Hep) |
|
|
| Male |
1.4–15.4 mIU/mL |
1.4–15.4 IU/L |
| Female |
|
|
| Follicular phase |
1–10 mIU/mL |
1–10 IU/L |
| Mid-cycle |
6–17 mIU/mL |
6–17 IU/L |
| Luteal phase |
1–9 mIU/mL |
1–9 IU/L |
| Postmenopausal |
19–100 mIU/mL |
19–100 IU/L |
| *Free thyroxine index (FTI), serum |
4.2–13 |
Same |
| Gastrin, serum |
< 100 pg/mL |
< 100 ng/L |
| Gentamicin, serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
|
|
| Peak |
|
|
| Less severe infection |
5–8 µg/mL |
10.4–16.7 µmol/L |
| Severe infection |
8–10 µg/mL |
16.7–20.9 µmol/L |
| Trough |
|
|
| Less severe infection |
< 1 µg/mL |
< 2.1 µmol/L |
| Moderate infection |
< 2 µg/mL |
< 4.2 µmol/L |
| Severe infection |
< 2–4 µg/mL |
< 4.2–8.4 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
|
|
| Peak |
> 10–12 µg/mL |
> 21–25 µmol/L |
| Trough |
> 2–4 µg/mL |
> 4.2–8.4 µmol/L |
| Glucose (fasting) |
|
|
| Blood |
65–95 mg/dL |
3.5–5.3 mmol/L |
| Plasma or serum |
74–106 mg/dL |
4.1–5.9 mmol/L |
| Glucose, 2 h postprandial, serum |
< 120 mg/dL |
< 6.7 mmol/L |
| Glucose, urine |
|
|
| Quantitative |
< 500 mg/24 h |
< 2.8 mmol/24 h |
| Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| Glucose, CSF |
40–70 mg/dL |
2.2–3.9 mmol/L |
| *Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in erythrocytes, whole blood (ACD, EDTA, or Hep) |
12.1 ± 2.1 U/g Hb (SD)
|
0.78 ± 0.13 mU/mol Hb
|
|
351 ± 60.6 U/1012 RBC
|
0.35 ± 0.06 nU/RBC
|
|
4.11 ± 0.71 U/mL RBC |
4.11 ± 0.71 kU/L RBC |
| γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), serum |
|
|
| Male |
2–30 U/L (37°C) |
0.03–0.51 µkat/L (37°C) |
| Female |
1–24 U/L (37°C) |
0.02–0.41 µkat/L (37°C) |
| Glutethimide, serum |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
2–6 µg/mL |
9–28 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 5 µg/mL |
> 23 µmol/L |
| Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c), whole blood (EDTA) |
4.2%–5.9% |
0.042–0.059 |
| Growth hormone, serum |
|
|
| Male |
< 5 ng/mL |
< 5 µg/L |
| Female |
< 10 ng/mL |
< 10 µg/L |
| Haptoglobin, serum |
30–200 mg/dL |
0.3–2.0g/L |
| HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Adult |
Desirable: > 40 mg/dL |
Desirable: > 1.04 mmol/L |
|
Borderline: 35–40 mg/dL |
Borderline: 0.78–1.04 mmol/L |
|
High risk: < 35 mg/dL |
High risk: < 0.78 mmol/L |
| Hematocrit |
|
|
| Male |
42–52% |
0.42–0.52 |
| Female |
37–47% |
0.37–0.47 |
| Newborn |
53–65% |
0.53–0.65 |
| Children (varies with age) |
30–43% |
0.30–0.43 |
| Hemoglobin (Hb) |
|
|
| Male |
14.0–18.0 g/dL |
2.17–2.79 mmol/L |
| Female |
12.0–16.0 g/dL |
1.86–2.48 mmol/L |
| Newborn |
17.0–23.0 g/dL |
2.64–3.57 mmol/L |
| Children (varies with age) |
11.2–16.5 g/dL |
1.74–2.56 mmol/L |
| Hemoglobin, fetal |
³ 1 y old: < 2% of total Hb |
³ 1 y old: < 0.02% of total Hb |
| Hemoglobin, plasma |
< 3 mg/dL |
< 0.47 µmol/L |
| Hemoglobin and myoglobin, urine, qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| Hemoglobin electrophoresis, whole blood (EDTA, Cit or Hep) |
|
|
| HbA |
> 95% |
> 0.95 Hb fraction |
| HbA2 |
1.5–3.7% |
0.015–0.037 Hb fraction |
| HbF |
< 2% |
< 0.02 Hb fraction |
| Homogentisic acid, urine, qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| b-Hydroxybutyric acid, serum, plasma |
0.21–2.81 mg/dL |
20–270 µmol/L |
| 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids |
|
|
| Urine |
|
|
| Male |
3–10 mg/24 h |
8.3–27.6 µmol/24 h (as cortisol) |
| Female |
2–8 mg/24 h |
5.5–22 µmol/24 h (as cortisol) |
| 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, urine |
|
|
| Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| Quantitative |
2–7 mg/24 h |
10.4–36.6 µmol/24 h |
| Imipramine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (³ 12 h after dose) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
150–250 ng/mL |
536–893 nmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 500 ng/mL |
> 1785 nmol/L |
| Immunoglobulins, serum |
|
|
| IgG |
700–1600 mg/dL |
7–16 g/L |
| IgA |
70–400 mg/dL |
0.7–4.0 g/L |
| IgM |
40–230 mg/dL |
0.4–2.3 g/L |
| IgD |
0–8 mg/dL |
0–80 mg/L |
| IgE |
3–423 IU/mL |
3–423 kIU/L |
| Immunoglobulin G (IgG), CSF |
0.5–6.1 mg/dL |
0.5–6.1 g/L |
| Insulin, plasma (fasting) |
2–25 µU/mL |
13–174 pmol/L |
| *Iron, serum |
|
|
| Male |
65–175 µg/dL |
11.6–31.3 µmol/L |
| Female |
50–170 µg/dL |
9.0–30.4 µmol/L |
| Iron binding capacity, serum, total (TIBC) |
250–425 µg/dL |
44.8–71.6 µmol/L |
| Iron saturation, serum |
|
|
| Male |
20–50% |
0.2–0.5 |
| Female |
15–50% |
0.15–0.5 |
| 17-Ketosteroids, urine |
|
|
| Male |
10–25 mg/24 h |
38–87 µmol/24 h |
| Female |
6–14 mg/24 h (decrease with age) |
21–52 µmol/24 h (decrease with age) |
| L-Lactate |
|
|
| Plasma (NaF) |
|
|
| Venous |
4.5–19.8 mg/dL |
0.5–2.2 mmol/L |
| Arterial |
4.5–14.4 mg/dL |
0.5–1.6 mmol/L |
| Whole blood (Hep), at bed rest |
|
|
| Venous |
8.1–15.3 mg/dL |
0.9–1.7 mmol/L |
| Arterial |
< 11.3 mg/dL |
< 1.3 mmol/L |
| Urine, 24 h |
496–1982 mg/d |
5.5–22 mmol/d |
| CSF |
10–22 mg/dL |
1.1–2.4 mmol/L |
| *Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) |
|
|
| Total (L®P), 37°C, serum |
|
|
| Newborn |
290–775 U/L |
4.9–13.2 µkat/L |
| Neonate |
545–2000 U/L |
9.3–34 µkat/L |
| Infant |
180–430 U/L |
3.1–7.3 µkat/L |
| Child |
110–295 U/L |
1.9–5 µkat/L |
| Adult |
100–190 U/L |
1.7–3.2 µkat/L |
| > 60 y |
110–210 U/L |
1.9–3.6 µkat/L |
| *Isoenzymes, serum by agarose gel electrophoresis |
|
|
| Fraction 1 |
14–26% of total |
0.14–0.26 fraction of total |
| Fraction 2 |
29–39% of total |
0.29–0.39 fraction of total |
| Fraction 3 |
20–26% of total |
0.20–0.26 fraction of total |
| Fraction 4 |
8–16% of total |
0.08–0.16 fraction of total |
| Fraction 5 |
6–16% of total |
0.06–0.16 fraction of total |
| *Lactate dehydrogenase, CSF |
10% of serum value |
0.10 fraction of serum value |
| LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Adult |
Desirable: < 130 mg/dL
|
Desirable: < 3.37 mmol/L
|
|
Borderline: 130–159 mg/dL
|
Borderline: 3.37–4.12 mmol/L
|
|
High risk: ³ 160 mg/dL |
High risk: ³ 4.13 mmol/L |
| Lead |
|
|
| Whole blood (Hep) |
< 10 µg/dL |
< 0.48 µmol/L |
| Urine, 24 h |
< 80 µg/d |
< 0.39 µmol/d |
| Lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, amniotic fluid |
2.0–5.0 indicates probable fetal lung maturity; > 3.5 in diabetics |
Same |
| Lidocaine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 45 min after bolus dose |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
1.5–6.0 µg/mL |
6.4–26 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
|
|
| CNS, cardiovascular depression |
6–8 µg/mL |
26–34.2 µmol/L |
| Seizures, obtundation, decreased cardiac output |
> 8 µg/mL |
> 34.2 µmol/L |
| *Lipase, serum |
23–300 U/L (37°C) |
0.39–5.1 µkat/L (37°C) |
| Lithium, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 12 h after last dose |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
0.6–1.2 mEq/L |
0.6–1.2 mmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 2 mEq/L |
> 2 mmol/L |
| Lorazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
50–240 ng/mL |
156–746 nmol/L |
| *Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum or plasma (Hep) |
|
|
| Male |
1.24–7.8 mIU/mL |
1.24–7.8 IU/L |
| Female |
|
|
| Follicular phase |
1.68–15.0 mIU/mL |
1.68–15.0 IU/L |
| Mid-cycle peak |
21.9–56.6 mIU/mL |
21.9–56.6 IU/L |
| Luteal phase |
0.61–16.3 mIU/mL |
0.61–16.3 IU/L |
| Postmenopausal |
14.2–52.5 mIU/mL |
14.2–52.3 IU/L |
| Magnesium |
|
|
| Serum |
1.3–2.1 mEq/L
|
0.65–1.07 mmol/L
|
|
1.6–2.6 mg/dL |
16–26 mg/L |
| Urine |
6.0–10.0 mEq/24 h |
3.0–5.0 mmol/24 h |
| Mercury |
|
|
| Whole blood (EDTA) |
0.6–59 µg/L |
< 0.29 µmol/L |
| Urine, 24 h |
< 20 µg/d |
< 0.1 µmol/d |
| Toxic |
> 150 µg/d |
> 0.75 µmol/d |
| Metanephrines, total, urine |
0.1–1.6 mg/24 h |
0.5–8.1 µmol/24 h |
| Methemoglobin (MetHb, hemoglobin), whole blood (EDTA, Hep or ACD) |
0.06–0.24 g/dL or
|
9.3–37.2 µmol/L or
|
|
0.78 ± 0.37% of total Hb (SD) |
Mass fraction of total Hb: 0.008 ± 0.0037 (SD) |
| Methotrexate, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
Variable |
Variable |
| Toxic |
|
|
| 1–2 wk after low dose therapy |
³ 0.02 µmol/L |
Same |
| post IV infusion |
24 h: ³ 5 µmol/L
|
24 h: Same
|
|
48 h: ³ 0.5 µmol/L
|
48 h: Same
|
|
72 h: ³ 0.05 µmol/L |
72 h: Same |
| Myelin basic protein, CSF |
< 2.5 ng/mL |
< 2.5 µg/L |
| Myoglobin, serum |
< 85 ng/mL |
< 85 µg/L |
| Nortriptyline, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (³ 12 h after dose) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
50–150 ng/mL |
190–570 nmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 500 ng/mL |
> 1900 nmol/L |
| *5'-Nucleotidase, serum |
2–17 U/L |
0.034–0.29 µkat/L |
| N-Acetylprocainamide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
5–30 µg/mL |
18–108 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 40 µg/mL |
> 144 µmol/L |
| Occult blood, feces, random |
Negative (< 2 mL blood/150 g stool/d) |
Negative (< 13.3 mL blood/kg stool/d) |
| Qualitative, urine, random |
Negative |
Negative |
| Osmolality |
|
|
| Serum |
275–295 mOsm/kg serum water |
275–295 mmol/kg serum water |
| Urine |
50–1200 mOsm/kg water |
50–1200 mmol/kg water |
| Ratio, urine/serum |
1.0–3.0
|
Same |
|
3.0–4.7 after 12 h fluid restriction |
|
| Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes |
Begins in 0.45–0.39% NaCl
|
Begins in 77–67 mmol/L NaCl
|
|
Complete in 0.33–0.30% NaCl |
Complete in 56–51 mmol/L NaCl |
| Oxazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA), therapeutic |
0.2–1.4 µg/mL |
0.70–4.9 µmol/L |
| Oxygen, blood |
|
|
| Capacity |
16–24 vol% (varies with hemoglobin) |
7.14–10.7 mmol/L (varies with hemoglobin) |
| Content |
|
|
| Arterial |
15–23 vol% |
6.69–10.3 mmol/L |
| Venous |
10–16 vol% |
4.46–7.14 mmol/L |
| Saturation |
|
|
| Arterial and capillary |
95–98% of capacity |
0.95–0.98 of capacity |
| Venous |
60–85% of capacity |
0.60–0.85 of capacity |
| Tension |
|
|
| pO2 arterial and capillary |
83–108 mm Hg |
11.1–14.4 kPa |
| Venous |
35–45 mm Hg |
4.6–6.0 kPa |
| P50, blood |
25–29 mm Hg (adjusted to pH 7.4) |
3.33–3.86 kPa |
| Partial thromboplastin time, activated (APTT) |
< 35 sec |
< 35 sec |
| Pentobarbital, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
|
|
| Hypnotic |
1–5 µg/mL |
4–22 µmol/L |
| Therapeutic coma |
20–50 µg/mL |
88–221 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 10 µg/mL |
>44 µmol/L |
| pH |
|
|
| Blood, arterial |
7.35–7.45 |
7.35–7.45 |
| Urine |
4.6–8.0 (depends on diet) |
Same |
| Phenacetin, plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
1–30 µg/mL |
6–167 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
50–250 µg/mL |
279–1395 µmol/L |
| Phenobarbital, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
15–40 µg/mL |
65–172 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
|
|
| Slowness, ataxia, nystagmus |
35–80 µg/mL |
151–345 µmol/L |
| Coma with reflexes |
65–117 µg/mL |
280–504 µmol/L |
| Coma without reflexes |
> 100 µg/mL |
> 430 µmol/L |
| Phenolsulfonphthalein excretion (PSP), urine |
28–51% in 15 min
|
0.28–0.51 in 15 min
|
|
13–24% in 30 min
|
0.13–0.24 in 30 min
|
|
9–17% in 60 min
|
0.09–0.17 in 60 min |
|
3–10% in 2 h
|
0.03–0.10 in 2 h
|
|
(After injection of 1 mL PSP intravenously) |
(After injection of 1 mL PSP intravenously) |
| Phenylalanine, serum |
0.8–1.8 mg/dL |
48–109 µmol/L |
| Phenytoin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
10–20 µg/mL |
40–79 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 20 µg/mL |
> 79 µmol/L |
| *Phosphatase, acid, prostatic, serum RIA |
< 3.0 ng/mL |
< 3.0 µg/L |
| *Phosphatase, alkaline, total, serum |
38–126 U/L (37°C) |
0.65–2.14 µkat/L |
| Phosphate, inorganic, serum |
|
|
| Adults |
2.7–4.5 mg/dL |
0.87–1.45 mmol/L |
| Children |
4.5–5.5 mg/dL |
1.45–1.78 mmol/L |
| Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), amniotic fluid |
|
|
| Fetal lung immaturity |
Absent |
Same |
| Fetal lung maturity |
Present |
Same |
| Phospholipids, serum |
125–275 mg/dL |
1.25–2.75 g/L |
| Phosphorus, urine |
0.4–1.3 g/24 h |
12.9–42 mmol/24 h |
| Porphobilinogen, urine |
|
|
| Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| Quantitative |
< 2.0 mg/24 h |
< 9 µmol/24 h |
| Porphyrins, urine |
|
|
| Coproporphyrin |
34–230 µg/24 h |
52–351 nmol/24 h |
| Uroporphyrin |
27–52 µg/24 h |
32–63 nmol/24 h |
| Potassium, plasma (Hep) |
|
|
| Male |
3.5–4.5 mEq/L |
3.5–4.5 mmol/L |
| Female |
3.4–4.4 mEq/L |
3.4–4.4 mmol/L |
| Potassium |
|
|
| Serum |
|
|
| Premature |
|
|
| Cord |
5.0–10.2 mEq/L |
5.0–10.2 mmol/L |
| 48 h |
3.0–6.0 mEq/L |
3.0–6.0 mmol/L |
| Newborn, cord |
5.6–12.0 mEq/L |
5.6–12.0 mmol/L |
| Newborn |
3.7–5.9 mEq/L |
3.7–5.9 mmol/L |
| Infant |
4.1–5.3 mEq/L |
4.1–5.3 mmol/L |
| Child |
3.4–4.7 mEq/L |
3.4–4.7 mmol/L |
| Adult |
3.5–5.1 mEq/L |
3.5–5.1 mmol/L |
| Urine, 24 h |
25–125 mEq/d, varies with diet |
25–125 mmol/d; varies with diet |
| CSF |
70% of plasma level or 2.5–3.2 mEq/L; rises with plasma hyperosmolality |
0.70 of plasma level or 2.5–3.2 mmol/L; rises with plasma hyperosmolality |
| Prealbumin (transthyretin), serum |
10–40 mg/dL |
100–400 mg/L |
| Primidone, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
5–12 µg/mL |
23–55 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 15 µg/mL |
> 69 µmol/L |
| Procainamide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
4–10 µg/mL |
17–42 µmol/L |
| Toxic (also consider effect of metabolite (NAPA)) |
> 10–12 µg/mL |
> 42–51 µmol/L |
| *Progesterone, serum |
|
|
| Adult |
|
|
| Male |
13–97 ng/dL |
0.4–3.1 nmol/L |
| Female |
|
|
| Follicular phase |
15–70 ng/dL |
0.5–2.2 nmol/L |
| Luteal phase |
200–2500 ng/dL |
6.4–79.5 nmol/L |
| Pregnancy |
Varies with gestational week |
|
| *Prolactin, serum |
|
|
| Male |
2.5–15.0 ng/mL |
2.5–15.0 µg/L |
| Female |
2.5–19.0 ng/mL |
2.5–19.0 µg/L |
| Propoxyphene, plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
0.1–0.4 µg/mL |
0.3–1.2 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 0.5 µg/mL |
> 1.5 µmol/L |
| Propranolol, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
50–100 ng/mL |
193–386 nmol/L |
| *Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serum |
|
|
| Male |
< 4.0 ng/mL |
< 4.0 µg/L |
| *Protein, serum |
|
|
| Total |
6.4–8.3 g/dL |
64–83 g/L |
| Albumin |
3.9–5.1 g/dL |
39–51 g/L |
| Globulin |
|
|
| a1 |
0.2–0.4 g/dL |
2–4 g/L |
| a2 |
0.4–0.8 g/dL |
4–8 g/L |
| b |
0.5–1.0 g/dL |
5–10 g/L |
| γ |
0.6–1.3 g/dL |
6–13 g/L |
| Urine |
|
|
| Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
| Quantitative |
50–80 mg/24 h (at rest) |
Same |
| CSF, total |
8–32 mg/dL |
80–320 mg/dL |
| Prothrombin consumption |
> 20 sec |
> 20 sec |
| *Prothrombin time (PT) |
12–14 sec |
12–14 sec |
| Protoporphyrin, total, WB |
< 60 µg/dL |
< 600 µg/L |
| Pyruvate, blood |
0.3–0.9 mg/dL |
34–103 µmol/L |
| Quinidine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
2–5 µg/mL |
6–15 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 6 µg/mL |
> 18 µmol/L |
| Salicylates, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
150–300 µg/mL |
1.09–2.17 mmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 500 µg/mL |
> 3.62 mmol/L |
| Sedimentation rate |
|
|
| Wintrobe |
|
|
| Male |
0–10 mm in 1 h |
0–10 mm/h |
| Female |
0–20 mm in 1 h |
0–20 mm/h |
| Westergren |
|
|
| Male (< 50 yr) |
0–15 mm in 1 h |
0–15 mm/h |
| Female (< 50 yr) |
0–20 mm in 1 h |
0–120 mm/h |
| Sodium |
|
|
| Serum or plasma (Hep) |
|
|
| Premature |
|
|
| Cord |
116–140 mEq/L |
116–140 mmol/L |
| 48 h |
128–148 mEq/L |
128–148 mmol/L |
| Newborn, cord |
126–166 mEq/L |
126–166 mmol/L |
| Newborn |
133–146 mEq/L |
133–146 mmol/L |
| Infant |
139–146 mEq/L |
139–146 mmol/L |
| Child |
138–145 mEq/L |
138–145 mmol/L |
| Adult |
136–145 mEq/L |
136–145 mmol/L |
| Urine, 24 h |
40–220 mEq/d (diet dependent) |
40–220 mmol/d (diet dependent) |
| Sweat |
|
|
| Normal |
10–40 mEq/L |
10–40 mmol/L |
| Cystic fibrosis |
70–190 mEq/L |
70–190 mmol/L |
| Specific gravity, urine |
1.002–1.030 |
1.002–1.030 |
| *Testosterone, serum |
|
|
| Male |
280–1100 ng/dL |
0.52–38.17 nmol/L |
| Female |
15–70 ng/dL |
0.52–2.43 nmol/L |
| Pregnancy |
3–4 × normal |
3–4 × normal |
| Postmenopausal |
8–35 ng/dL |
0.28–1.22 nmol/L |
| Theophylline, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
|
|
| Bronchodilator |
8–20 µg/mL |
44–111 µmol/L |
| Prem. apnea |
6–13 µg/mL |
33–72 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 20 µg/mL |
> 110 µmol/L |
| Thiocyanate |
|
|
| Serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
| Nonsmoker |
1–4 µg/mL |
17–69 µmol/L |
| Smoker |
3–12 µg/mL |
52–206 µmol/L |
| Therapeutic after nitroprusside infusion |
6–29 µg/mL |
103–499 µmol/L |
| Urine |
|
|
| Nonsmoker |
1–4 mg/d |
17–69 µmol/d |
| Smoker |
7–17 mg/d |
120–292 µmol/d |
| Thiopental, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Hypnotic |
1.0–5.0 µg/mL |
4.1–20.7 µmol/L |
| Coma |
30–100 µg/mL |
124–413 µmol/L |
| Anesthesia |
7–130 µg/mL |
29–536 µmol/L |
| Toxic concentration |
> 10 µg/mL |
> 41 µmol/L |
| *Thryoid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum |
0.4–4.2 µU/mL |
0.4–4.2 mU/L |
| Thyroxine (T4) serum |
5–12 µg/dL (varies with age, higher in children and pregnant women) |
65–155 nmol/L (varies with age, higher in children and pregnant women) |
| *Thyroxine, free, serum |
0.8–2.7 ng/dL |
10.3–35 pmol/L |
| Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), serum |
1.2–3.0 mg/dL |
12–30 mg/L |
| Tobramycin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
|
|
| Peak |
|
|
| Less severe infection |
5–8 µg/mL |
11–17 µmol/L |
| Severe infection |
8–10 µg/mL |
17–21 µmol/L |
| Trough |
|
|
| Less severe infection |
< 1 µg/mL |
< 2 µmol/L |
| Moderate infection |
< 2 µg/mL |
< 4 µmol/L |
| Severe infection |
< 2–4 µg/mL |
< 4–9 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
|
|
| Peak |
> 10–12 µg/mL |
> 21–26 µmol/L |
| Trough |
> 2– 4 µg/mL |
> 4–9 µmol/L |
| Transferrin, serum |
|
|
| Newborn |
130–275 mg/dL |
1.30–2.75 g/L |
| Adult |
212–360 mg/dL |
2.12–3.60 g/L |
| > 60 yr |
190–375 mg/dL |
1.9–3.75 g/L |
| Triglycerides, serum, fasting |
|
|
| Desirable |
< 250 mg/dL |
< 2.83 mmol/L |
| Borderline high |
250–500 mg/dL |
2.83–5.67 mmol/L |
| Hypertriglyceridemic |
> 500 mg/dL |
> 5.65 mmol/L |
| *Triiodothyronine, total (T3) serum |
45–137 ng/dL |
0.69–2.1 nmol/L |
| *Troponin-I, cardiac, serum |
undetectable |
undetectable |
| Troponin-T, cardiac, serum |
undetectable |
undetectable |
| *Uric acid |
|
|
| Serum, enzymatic |
|
|
| Male |
4.5–8.0 mg/dL |
0.27–0.47 mmol/L |
| Female |
2.5–6.2 mg/dL |
0.15–0.37 mmol/L |
| Child |
2.0–5.5 mg/dL |
0.12–0.32 mmol/L |
| Urine |
250–750 mg/24 h
(with normal diet) |
1.48–4.43 mmol/24 h
(with normal diet) |
| Urea nitrogen, serum |
6–20 mg/dL |
2.1–7.1 mmol urea/L |
| Urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio, serum |
12:1 to 20:1 |
48–80 urea/creatinine mole ratio |
| Urobilinogen, urine |
0.1–0.8 Ehrlich unit/2 h
|
Same |
|
0.5–4.0 mg/24 h |
Same |
| Valproic acid, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
50–100 µg/mL |
347–693 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 100 µg/mL |
> 693 µmol/L |
| Vancomycin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
| Therapeutic |
|
|
| Peak |
20–40 µg/mL |
14–28 µmol/L |
| Trough |
5–10 µg/mL |
3–7 µmol/L |
| Toxic |
> 80–100 µg/mL |
> 55–69 µmol/L |
| Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), urine (4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid) |
1.4–6.5 mg/24 h |
7–33 µmol/d |
| Viscosity, serum |
1.00–1.24 cP |
1.00–1.24 cP |
| Vitamin A, serum |
30–80 µg/dL |
1.05–2.8 µmol/L |
| Vitamin B12, serum |
110–800 pg/mL |
81–590 pmol/L |
| Vitamin E, serum |
|
|
| Normal |
5–18 µg/mL |
12–42 µmol/L |
| Therapeutic |
30–50 µg/mL |
69.6–116 µmol/L |
| Zinc, serum |
70–120 µg/dL |
10.7–18.4 µmol/L |
