| ESWL | Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy - Ix for Gall Stone  ... |
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| GB | Gall Bladder; ´ã³¶ |
| GS | 1) Gall Stone 2) General Surgery |
| GB | Gall Bladder |
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| GBC | gall-bladder carcinoma |
| gall | 1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable. "I am loth to gall a new-healed wound." (Shak) 2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm. "They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh." (Shak) 3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy. "In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows." (Addison) Origin: OE. Gallen; cf. F. Galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. Galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut. A wound in the skin made by rubbing. 1. <physiology> The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder. 2. The gall bladder. 3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor. "He hath . . . Compassed me with gall and travail." (Lam. Iii. 5) "Comedy diverted without gall." (Dryden) 4. Impudence; brazen assurance. <anatomy> Gall bladder, the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. <botany> Gall of the earth, an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria. Origin: OE. Galle, gal, AS. Gealla; akin to D. Gal, OS. & OHG. Galla, Icel. Gall, SW. Galla, Dan. Galde, L. Fel, Gr, and prob. To E. Yellow. See Yellow, and cf. Choler. <zoology> An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut. The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine. <medicine> Gall insect See Gallfly. Origin: F. Galle, noix de galle, fr. L. Galla. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| gall duct | An obsolete term for bile duct. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gall, Franz | <person> German-Austrian anatomist, 1758-1828. See: Gall's craniology. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gall's craniology | 1. <study> The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain. 2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology. Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty-six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches. Origin: Gr, the mind: cf. F. Phrenologie. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| crown gall | Gall or tumour, found in many dicotyledonous plants, caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (18 Nov 1997) |
| crown gall plasmid | A plasmid, or type of circular DNA, found in the bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens which infects dicot plants. Part of the plasmid inserts itself into the plant genome and causes tumours to form in the roots or in the stems nearest the roots. The plasmid has been used by geneticists, minus the tumour-causing parts, as a vector towards the genetic engineering of plants. (09 Oct 1997) |
| crown gall tumour | A disease which afflicts dicot plants, caused by the bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The disease causes large tumours to form in the roots or in the stems nearest the roots, deforming the plant along its base (where it meets the ground). (09 Oct 1997) |
| cystic gall duct | The ductus leading from the gallbladder; it joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. Synonym: ductus cysticus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| broken wind | <veterinary> The heaves. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| wind | 1. To turn completely or repeatedly; to become coiled about anything; to assume a convolved or spiral form; as, vines wind round a pole. "So swift your judgments turn and wind." (Dryden) 2. To have a circular course or direction; to crook; to bend; to meander; as, to wind in and out among trees. "And where the valley winded out below, The murmuring main was heard, and scarcely heard, to flow." (Thomson) "He therefore turned him to the steep and rocky path which . . . Winded through the thickets of wild boxwood and other low aromatic shrubs." (Sir W. Scott) 3. To go to the one side or the other; to move this way and that; to double on one's course; as, a hare pursued turns and winds. "The lowing herd wind lowly o'er the lea." (Gray) "To wind out, to extricate one's self; to escape. Long struggling underneath are they could wind Out of such prison." (Milton) To blow; to sound by blowing; especially, to sound with prolonged and mutually involved notes. "Hunters who wound their horns." "Ye vigorous swains, while youth ferments your blood, . . . Wind the shrill horn." (Pope) "That blast was winded by the king." (Sir W. Scott) Origin: From Wind, moving air, but confused in sense and in conjugation with wind to turn] [Wound, Winded; Winding. 1. To expose to the wind; to winnow; to ventilate. 2. To perceive or follow by the scent; to scent; to nose; as, the hounds winded the game. 3. To drive hard, or force to violent exertion, as a horse, so as to render scant of wind; to put out of breath. To rest, as a horse, in order to allow the breath to be recovered; to breathe. To wind a ship, to turn it end for end, so that the wind strikes it on the opposite side. Origin: Winded; Winding. 1. To turn completely, or with repeated turns; especially, to turn about something fixed; to cause to form convolutions about anything; to coil; to twine; to twist; to wreathe; as, to wind thread on a spool or into a ball. "Whether to wind The woodbine round this arbor." (Milton) 2. To entwist; to infold; to encircle. "Sleep, and I will wind thee in arms." (Shak) 3. To have complete control over; to turn and bend at one's pleasure; to vary or alter or will; to regulate; to govern. "To turn and wind a fiery Pegasus." "In his terms so he would him wind." (Chaucer) "Gifts blind the wise, and bribes do please And wind all other witnesses." (Herrick) "Were our legislature vested in the prince, he might wind and turn our constitution at his pleasure." (Addison) 4. To introduce by insinuation; to insinuate. "You have contrived . . . To wind Yourself into a power tyrannical." (Shak) "Little arts and dexterities they have to wind in such things into discourse." (Gov. Of Tongue) 5. To cover or surround with something coiled about; as, to wind a rope with twine. To wind off, to unwind; to uncoil. To wind out, to extricate. To wind up. To coil into a ball or small compass, as a skein of thread; to coil completely. To bring to a conclusion or settlement; as, to wind up one's affairs; to wind up an argument. To put in a state of renewed or continued motion, as a clock, a watch, etc, by winding the spring, or that which carries the weight; hence, to prepare for continued movement or action; to put in order anew. "Fate seemed to wind him up for fourscore years." . "Thus they wound up his temper to a pitch." . To tighten (the strings) of a musical instrument, so as to tune it. "Wind up the slackened strings of thy lute." . Origin: OE. Winden, AS. Windan; akin to OS. Windan, D. & G. Winden, OHG. Wintan, Icel. & Sw. Vinda, Dan. Vinde, Goth. Windan (in comp). Cf. Wander, Wend. 1. Air naturally in motion with any degree of velocity; a current of air. "Except wind stands as never it stood, It is an ill wind that turns none to good." (Tusser). "Winds were soft, and woods were green." (Longfellow) 2. Air artificially put in motion by any force or action; as, the wind of a cannon ball; the wind of a bellows. 3. Breath modulated by the respiratory and vocal organs, or by an instrument. "Their instruments were various in their kind, Some for the bow, and some for breathing wind." (Dryden) 4. Power of respiration; breath. "If my wind were but long enough to say my prayers, I would repent." (Shak) 5. Air or gas generated in the stomach or bowels; flatulence; as, to be troubled with wind. 6. Air impregnated with an odour or scent. "A pack of dogfish had him in the wind." (Swift) 7. A direction from which the wind may blow; a point of the compass; especially, one of the cardinal points, which are often called the four winds. "Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain." (Ezek. Xxxvii. 9) This sense seems to have had its origin in the East. The Hebrews gave to each of the four cardinal points the name of wind. 8. <veterinary> A disease of sheep, in which the intestines are distended with air, or rather affected with a violent inflammation. It occurs immediately after shearing. 9. Mere breath or talk; empty effort; idle words. "Nor think thou with wind Of airy threats to awe." (Milton) 10. <zoology> The dotterel. Wind is often used adjectively, or as the first part of compound words. All in the wind. <medicine> The flutes and reed instruments of an orchestra, collectively. Origin: AS. Wind; akin to OS, OFries, D, & G. Wind, OHG. Wint, Dan. & Sw. Vind, Icel. Vindr, Goth winds, W. Gwynt, L. Ventus, Skr. Vata (cf. Gr. 'ahths a blast, gale, 'ah^nai to breathe hard, to blow, as the wind); originally a p. Pr. From the verb seen in Skr. Va to blow, akin to AS. Wawan, D. Waaijen, G. Wehen, OHG. Waen, wajen, Goth. Waian. Cf. Air, Ventail, Ventilate, Window, Winnow. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| wind-break | A clump of trees serving for a protection against the force of wind. To break the wind of; to cause to lose breath; to exhaust. "'T would wind-break a mule to vie burdens with her." (Ford) Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| wind-broken | Having the power of breathing impaired by the rupture, dilatation, or running together of air cells of the lungs, so that while the inspiration is by one effort, the expiration is by two; affected with pulmonary emphysema or with heaves; said of a horse. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| wind-fertilized | <botany> Anemophilous; fertilized by pollen borne by the wind. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| wind-plant | <botany> A windflower. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| wind-sucker | 1. (Far) A horse given to wind-sucking 2. <zoology> The kestrel. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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