| 영문 | irritation, stimulus | 한글 | 자극 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 생물에 작용하여 특정의 반응을 일으키는 요인. 보통 외계의 조건 변화에 따라 생물체에 특유한 활동이 왕성해지는 것을 생물체가 흥분했다고 하며, 흥분을 일으키는 원인이 된 외계의 조건 변화를 자극이라고 한다. 예를 들면, 바늘 끝으로 손등을 찌르면 신경섬유에 자극을 주게 되어, 이 신경섬유에 충격이라고 하는 어떤 변화가 생긴다. 이 충격이 전도되어 간다. 이 상태를 신경섬유가 흥분했다고 한다. 외적조건의 변화가 이것에 대응하는 감각기가 수용하여 자극이 되는데, 자극에 대한 반응에 반사적으로 일어나는 눈깜박이와 같은 국부적인 것이 있고, 기온의 변화에 대해서와 같이 전신적인 것도 있다. 세포자극으로서 작용하는 외계의 조건 변화는 그 에너지의 종류에 따라 기계적 자극-화학적 자극-온열적 자극-삼투압 자극-전기적 자극 등이 있다. 그 중 전기적 자극은 생체 속에서 자연히 일어나는 자극과 그로 인해 일어나는 흥분이 모두 전기적 과정이므로 자연히 일어나는 자극과 같거나, 그것에 가까운 것이다. 어떤 종류의 조건 변화는 도리어 흥분을 일으키기 어렵게 하는 것도 있다. |
||
| RS | radioscaphoid; random sample; rating schedule; Raynaud syndrome; recipient's serum; rectal sinus; re... |
|---|---|
| TD | tabes dorsalis; tardive dyskinesia; T-cell dependent; temporary disability; terminal device; tetanus... |
| ST | esotropia; scala tympani; scaphotrapezoid; sclerotherapy; sedimentation time; semitendinosus; sensor... |
| MT | magnetization transfer; malaria therapy; malignant teratoma; mammary tumor; mammilothalamic tract; m... |
| BST | bacteriuria screening test; blood serologic test; brief stimulus therapy |
| US | 1-unconditioned stimulus |
|---|---|
| CS | Conditioned Stimulus |
| DS | Discriminative Stimulus |
| ISI | Inter-stimulus interval |
| PST | Per-stimulus-time |
| threshold stimulus | A stimulus of threshold strength, i.e., one just strong enough to excite. See: adequate stimulus. Synonym: liminal stimulus. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|
| stimulus threshold | The lowest limit of any perception whatever. Compare: differential threshold. Synonym: stimulus threshold. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| adequate stimulus | A stimulus to which a particular receptor responds effectively and that gives rise to a characteristic sensation; e.g., light and sound waves that stimulate, respectively, visual and auditory receptors. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aversive stimulus | <psychology> A noxious stimulus such as an electric shock used in aversive training or conditioning. See: aversive training. (05 Mar 2000) |
| maximal stimulus | A stimulus strong enough to evoke a maximal response. (05 Mar 2000) |
| conditioned stimulus | A stimulus applied to one of the sense organs (e.g., receptors of vision, hearing, touch) which are an essential and integral part of the neural mechanism underlying a conditioned reflex. See: classical conditioning, higher order conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| heterologous stimulus | A stimulus that acts upon any part of the sensory apparatus or nerve tract. (05 Mar 2000) |
| heterotopic stimulus | Any electrical activation from an abnormal locus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| homologous stimulus | A stimulus that acts only on the nerve terminations in a special sense organ. (05 Mar 2000) |
| stimulus | Origin: L, for stigmulus, akin to L. Instigare to stimulate. See Instigare, Stick. 1. A goad; hence, something that rouses the mind or spirits; an incentive; as, the hope of gain is a powerful stimulus to labour and action. 2. <physiology> That which excites or produces a temporary increase of vital action, either in the whole organism or in any of its parts; especially, any substance or agent capable of evoking the activity of a nerve or irritable muscle, or capable of producing an impression upon a sensory organ or more particularly upon its specific end organ. Of the stimuli applied to the sensory apparatus, physiologists distinguish two kinds: (a) Homologous stimuli, which act only upon the end organ, and for whose action the sense organs are especially adapted, as the rods and cones of the retina for the vibrations of the either. (b) Heterologous stimuli, which are mechanical, chemical, electrical, etc, and act upon the nervous elements of the sensory apparatus along their entire course, producing, for example, the flash of light beheld when the eye is struck. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| stimulus control | The use of conditioning techniques to bring the target behaviour of an individual under environmental control. See: classical conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| stimulus generalisation | <psychology> The tendency to react to stimuli that are different from, but somewhat similar to, the stimulus used as a conditioned stimulus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| stimulus generalization | In Pavlovian conditioning, the eliciting of a conditioned response by stimuli never before experienced but which are similar to a particular conditioned stimulus. See: conditioning, classical conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| stimulus secretion coupling | A term used to describe the events that link receipt of a stimulus with the release of materials from membrane bounded vesicles (the analogy is with excitation contraction coupling in the control of muscle contraction). A classical example is the link between membrane depolarisation at the presynaptic terminal and the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. (18 Nov 1997) |
| stimulus sensitive myoclonus | Myoclonus induced by a variety of stimuli, e.g., talking, calculation, loud noises, tapping, etc. (05 Mar 2000) |
| stimulus substitution | <psychology> Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. (12 Dec 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|