| 영문 | synapse | 한글 | 시냅스 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 영국의 셰링턴(Sherrington)이 1897년 최초로 명명한 용어로써 신경세포인 뉴론과 뉴론이 만나는 곳을 의미함. 시냅스에는 화학물질의 유리에 의해 흥분을 전달하는 화학시냅스(chemical synapse)와 전기적으로 흥분이 직접 전달되는 전기 시냅스(electrical synapse)로 분류된다. 전기 시냅스는 시냅스전뉴론(presynaptic neuron)과 시냅스후뉴론(postsynaptic neuron)의 간격이 거의 없으며 전류가 쉽게 흐를 수 있는 낮은 저항의 gap junction을 형성하여 시냅스에서의 흥분전도가 일반적인 단일신경섬유나 동일세포내에서의 전기적 전도와 근본적으로 동일하다. 화학 시냅스는 시냅스전뉴론과 시냅스후뉴론사이에 약 20nm의 틈, 즉 시냅스간격(synaptic cleft)이 존재하며 전뉴론말단에는 전달물질을 내포하는 vesicle이 많이 존재하며, 시냅스전도시 전뉴론의 vesicle로부터 신경전달물질이 유리되어 확산에 의해 후뉴론의 수용체에 도달하여 결합한다. 이러한 신경전달물질의 유리에는 Ca 이온의 유입이 중요한 작용을 한다. |
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| SYN | synapse; synovitis |
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| axoaxonic synapse | The synaptic junction between an axon terminal of one neuron and either the initial axon segment or an axon terminal of another nerve cell. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| axodendritic synapse | The synaptic contact between an axon terminal of one nerve cell and a dendrite of another nerve cell. (05 Mar 2000) |
| axosomatic synapse | The synaptic junction of an axon terminal of one nerve cell to the cell body of another nerve cell. Synonym: pericorpuscular synapse. (05 Mar 2000) |
| rectifying synapse | <physiology> An electrical synapse at which current flow can only occur in one direction. (18 Nov 1997) |
| pericorpuscular synapse | The synaptic junction of an axon terminal of one nerve cell to the cell body of another nerve cell. Synonym: pericorpuscular synapse. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chemical synapse | <physiology> A nerve nerve or nerve muscle junction where the signal is transmitted by release from one membrane of a chemical transmitter that binds to a receptor in the second membrane. Importantly, signals only pass in one direction. (18 Nov 1997) |
| ribbon synapse | <biology, physiology> Ultrastructurally distinct type of synapse found in a variety of sensory receptor cells such as retinal photoreceptor cells, cochlear hair cells and vestibular organ receptors, as well as in a nonsensory neuron, the retinal bipolar cell. Unlike most neurons, these cells do not use regenerative action potentials but release transmitter in response to small graded potential changes. Ribbon synapses have different exocytotic machinery from conventional synapses in containing dense bars or ribbons anchored to the presynaptic membrane covered with a layer of synaptic vesices. The ribbons have been proposed to shuttle synaptic vesicles to exocytotic sites. (23 Aug 1998) |
| synapse | <physiology> A connection between excitable cells, by which an excitation is conveyed from one to the other. 1. Chemical synapse: one in which an action potential causes the exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cell, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to ligand gated ion channels on the post synaptic cell. These ion channels then affect the resting potential of the post synaptic cell. 2. Electrical synapse: one in which electrical connection is made directly through the cytoplasm, via gap junctions. 3. Rectifying synapse: one in which action potentials can only pass across the synapse in one direction (all chemical and some electrical synapses). 4. Excitatory synapse: one in which the firing of the presynaptic cell increases the probability of firing of the postsynaptic cell. 5. Inhibitory synapse: one in which the firing of the presynaptic cell reduces the probability of firing of the postsynaptic cell. (10 Jan 1998) |
| inhibitory synapse | A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell reduces the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell. The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter is GABA, this opens channels in the postsynaptic cell which tend to stabilise its resting potential, thus rendering it less likely to fire. See: excitatory synapse, presynaptic inhibition, postsynaptic inhibition. (18 Nov 1997) |
| electrical synapse | <physiology> A connection between two electrically excitable cells, such as neurons or muscle cells, via arrays of gap junctions. This allows the cells to be electrically coupled and so an action potential in one cell moves directly into the other, without the 1 ms delay inherent in chemical synapses. Electrical synapses do not allow modulation of their connection and so only occur in neuronal circuits where speed of conduction is paramount (e.g. The crayfish escape reflex). A few electrical synapses are rectifying, implying a more specialised property than a simple gap junction. (18 Nov 1997) |
| electrotonic synapse | <cell biology> A junction between two cells consisting of many pores that allow the passage of molecules up to about 900D. Each pore is formed by an hexagonal array (connexon) of six transmembrane proteins (connexins) in each plasma membrane: when mated together the pores open, allowing communication and the interchange of metabolites between cells. Electrical synapses are gap junctions and metabolic cooperation depends upon the formation of gap junctions. (18 Nov 1997) |
| excitatory synapse | <physiology> A synapse (either chemical or electrical) in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell. See: inhibitory synapse. (18 Nov 1997) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|