| SOM | Soil organic matter |
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| soil horizon | A distinct layer of soil, more or less parallel with the soil surface, having similar properties such as colour, texture and permeability, the soil profile is subdivided into the following major horizons: A-horizon, characterised by an accumulation of organic material. B-horizon, characterised by relative accumulation of clay iron, organic matter or aluminum. C-horizon, the undisturbed and unaltered parent material. (Some soils have an E-horizon, characterised by leaching of organic and other material.) (09 Oct 1997) |
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| sakuc horizon | <chemistry> A layer 6 inches or more thick comprised of secondary soluble salts. (17 Dec 1997) |
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| horizon | 1. The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth and sky. "And when the morning sun shall raise his car Above the border of this horizon." (Shak) "All the horizon round Invested with bright rays." (Milton) 2. <astronomy> The unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an eye at a given elevation, no land being visible. 3. <geology> The epoch or time during which a deposit was made. "The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same time, are said to belong to the same geological horizon." (Le Conte) 4. The chief horizontal line in a picture of any sort, which determines in the picture the height of the eye of the spectator; in an extended landscape, the representation of the natural horizon corresponds with this line. Apparent horizon. See Apparent. Artificial horizon, a level mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a plane reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; used chiefly with the sextant for observing the double altitude of a celestial body. Celestial horizon. <astronomy> See def. 2, above. Visible horizon. See definitions 1 and 2, above. Origin: F, fr. L. Horizon, fr. Gr. (sc) the bounding line, horizon, fr. To bound, fr. Boundary, limit. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| spodic horizon | A subsurface layer of soil characterised by the accumulation of aluminum oxides (with or without iron oxides) and organic matter, a diagnostic horizon for spodosols. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Streeter's developmental horizon | A term borrowed from geology and archeology by Streeter to define 23 developmental stages in young human embryos, from fertilization through the first 2 months; each horizon spanned 2 to 3 days and emphasized specific anatomic characteristics, to avoid discrepancies in the determination of age and body dimensions. Origin: G.L. Streeter (05 Mar 2000) |
| type horizon | <zoology> The geological stratum from which the name-bearing type of a nominal species or subspecies was collected. (09 Jan 1998) |
| buried soil | Soil covered by an alluvial, loessal, or other deposit (including manmade). (09 Oct 1997) |
| very poorly drained soil | <ecology> A condition is which water is removed from the soil so slowly that free water remains at or on the surface during most of the growing season. (18 Nov 1997) |
| mineral soil | <ecology> Any soil consisting primarily of mineral (sand, silt and clay) material, rather than organic matter. (12 Jan 1998) |
| poorly drained soil | <ecology> A condition in which water is removed form the soil so slowly that the soil is saturated periodically during the growing season or remains wet for long periods greater than 7 days. (09 Oct 1997) |
| saturated soil | A condition in which all easily drained voids (pores) between soil particles are temporarily or permanently filled with water, significant saturation during the growing season is considered to be usually one week or more. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hydric soil | A soil that is saturated, flooded or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part. (09 Oct 1997) |
| soil | Unconsolidated material on the earth's surface that supports or is capable of supporting plants out-of-doors. (09 Oct 1997) |
| soil hue | A characteristic of colour related to one of the main spectral colours (red, yellow, green, blue or purple), or various combinations of these principle colours, one of the three variables of colour, each colour chart in the Munsell Soil Colour Charts (Kollmorgen Corporation 1975) represents a specific hue. (09 Oct 1997) |
| soil matrix | The portion of a given soil having the dominant colour, in most cases, the matrix will be the portion of the soil having more than 50 percent of the same colour. (09 Oct 1997) |
| soil microbiology | The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms. (12 Dec 1998) |
| soil horizon | a layer in a soil profile |
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