| ins | insertion; insulin; insurance, insured |
|---|---|
| inv | ins inverted insertion |
| IS | ileal segment; immediate sensitivity; immune serum; immunosuppression; impingement syndrome; incenti... |
| DABP | D site albumin promoter binding protein |
| ESP | early systolic paradox; echo spacing; effective sensory projection; effective systolic pressure; end... |
| I | D)-insertion |
|---|---|
| IS | Insertion Sequence |
| I/D | Insertion-deletion |
| SECIS | SeC insertion sequences |
| D-I | deletion-insertion |
| promoter insertion | <molecular biology> Activation of a gene by the nearby integration of a virus. The long-terminal repeat acts as a promoter for the host gene. A form of insertional mutagenesis. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| constituative promoter | An unregulated promoter that allows for continual transcription of itsassociated gene. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| promoter | <molecular biology> A region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds before initiating the transcription of DNA into RNA. The nucleotide at which transcription starts is designated +1 and nucleotides are numbered from this with negative numbers indicating upstream nucleotides and positive downstream nucleotides. most bacterial promoters contain two consensus sequences that seem to be essential for the binding of the polymerase. The first, the Pribnow box, is at about 10 and has the consensus sequence 5' TATAAT 3'. The second, the 35 sequence, is centred about 35 and has the consensus sequence 5' TTGACA 3'. most factors that regulate gene transcription do so by binding at or near the promoter and affecting the initiation of transcription. Much less is known about eukaryote promoters, each of the three RNA polymerases has a different promoter. RNA polymerase I recognises a single promoter for the precursor of rRNA. RNA polymerase II, that transcribes all genes coding for polypeptides, recognises many thousands of promoters. most have the Goldberg Hogness or TATA box that is centred around position 25 and has the consensus sequence 5' TATAAAA 3'. Several promoters have a CAAT box around 90 with the consensus sequence 5' GGCCAATCT 3'. There is increasing evidence that all promoters for housekeeping genes contain multiple copies of a GC rich element that includes the sequence 5' GGGCGG 3'. Transcription by polymerase II is also affected by more distant elements known as enhancers. RNA polymerase III synthesises 5s ribosomal RNA, all tRNAs and a number of small RNAs. The promoter for RNA polymerase III is located within the gene either as a single sequence, as in the 5s RNA gene or as two blocks, as in all tRNA genes. (13 Nov 1997) |
| promoter regions | <genetics> DNA sequences which are recognised (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the pribnow box in bacteria and the tata box in eukaryotes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| down promoter mutation | <molecular biology> A mutation (a change in base pair sequence) in a promoter region, this results in lower gene expression (less transcription of the gene occurs). (09 Oct 1997) |
| tumour promoter | <molecular biology, oncology> Agent that in classical studies of carcinogenesis in rodent skin was able to increase the sensitivity of tumour formation by a previously applied primary carcinogen, but was unable to induce tumours when used alone. Important example was croton oil, active ingredients of which are now believed to be phorbol esters. These are believed to act as analogues of diacylglycerols and may activate protein kinase C. Strictly speaking, not the same as a co carcinogen, which is defined as being active when administered at the same time. Tumour promoters generally are carcinogens when tested more stringently. (18 Nov 1997) |
| up promoter mutation | A mutation that increases the frequency of initiation of transcription. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aponeurosis of insertion | A tendinous sheet serving for the insertion of a broad muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| velamentous insertion | A form of insertion of the foetal blood vessels into the placenta, in which the vessels separate before reaching the placenta and develop toward it in a fold of amnion, somewhat like the ribs of an open parasol. Synonym: parasol insertion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gastrostomy tube insertion | A surgical procedure to insert a tube into the stomach for purposes of nutrition. In this procedure, a small incision is made in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen while the patient is under general anaesthesia (can also be performed with a local anaesthetic). A thin flexible catheter is inserted into the stomach and then stitched in place. (27 Sep 1997) |
| gene insertion | The addition of one or more genesinto a genome from an externalsource. (09 Oct 1997) |
| parasol insertion | A form of insertion of the foetal blood vessels into the placenta, in which the vessels separate before reaching the placenta and develop toward it in a fold of amnion, somewhat like the ribs of an open parasol. Synonym: parasol insertion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| path of insertion | The direction in which a dental prosthesis is placed upon or removed from the supporting tissues or abutment teeth. (05 Mar 2000) |
| harrington rod insertion | <orthopaedics> A procedure that involves fusing together two or more vertebrae in the spine using either bone grafts or metal rods (Harrington rods). This procedure may be used to correct kyphosis or scoliosis. It is also used in those who require spine stabilisation due to vertebral damage from ruptures discs, fractures, osteomyelitis, osteoarthritis or tumour. (27 Sep 1997) |
| DNA insertion elements | Discrete transposable segments of DNA which can insert into chromosomal, phage, and plasmid DNA. Some insert at random while others are site-specific; most have not been found to exist except in the inserted state. Their insertion into a genome always produces a mutation ("insertion mutation"), and their excision frequently results in a loss of host genetic information. Types of transposable elements include is elements (insertion sequence elements), which are composed of between 700 and 1400 bases and contain no genes unrelated to insertion function and tn elements (transposon elements), which are generally larger than 1400 bases and contain genes unrelated to insertion function. The concept also includes the delta element of saccharomyces cerevisiae and the integration site. (12 Dec 1998) |
| immediate insertion denture | A complete or partial denture constructed for insertion immediately following the removal of natural teeth. Synonym: immediate insertion denture. (05 Mar 2000) |
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