| 영문 | gene | 한글 | 유전자 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전자는 길게 띠를 형성한 DNA분자의 일부분으로 한 가지 물질을 만드는데 필요한 모든 정보를 갖춘 기능적인 단위이다. 예를 들어 인슐린이라는 물질의 유전자라고 하면 사람의 세포내에 있는 긴 DNA 분자 중에서 인슐린이라는 물질을 만드는데 필요한 모든 정보를 가지고 있는 한 부분을 가리키는 말이다. 고전적인 생물학에서는 유전자가 표현형을 결정하거나 지정하는 염색체의 일부분이라고 정의되었지만, 오늘날에는 유전자에 대해서 분자적 정의가 제안되고 있으며 그 정의는 하나의 유전자는 하나의 효소를 결정 또는 암호화하는 유전물질의 일부분이라는 개념으로 이것이 이른바 1개의 유전자 1개 효소가설(one gene-one enzyme hypothesis)이다. 즉 1개의 유전자는 1개의 효소를 제작하는데 필요한 유전정보를 가진다는 것이다. 현재 이 가설이 받아들여지고 있다. |
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| 영문 | gene therapy | 한글 | 유전자요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전병을 치료할 목적으로, 정상적으로 기능하는 단일유전자 혹은 복수유전자를 어떤 기원에서 얻어내어 생세포에 도입하는 것. 유전물질은 유전자삽입 조작에 의해 수용세포에로 도입된다. 즉, 유전자를 끼워 넣은 새로운 세포를 사용하는 치료로서 1980년 미국의 학자가 지중해빈혈환자에게 강행하여 비판을 받았지만, 미국 국립보건연구소는 1990년 9월 아데노신 데아미나아제(adenosine deaminase, ADA) 결핍증 환자의 림프구에 ADA 유전자를 끼워 넣는 치료를 시작한 이래 현재는 암을 포함한 많은 질병들을 치료하는 목적으로 쓰인다. |
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| DABP | D site albumin promoter binding protein |
|---|---|
| ESP | early systolic paradox; echo spacing; effective sensory projection; effective systolic pressure; end... |
| GPE | guinea pig embryo; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promoter element |
| GPEBP | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promoter element binding protein |
| CGRP | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide(Protein) |
| AdMLP | Adenovirus major late promoter |
|---|---|
| Ad2MLP | Adenovirus-2 major late promoter |
| COUP-TF | Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor |
| COUP-TFII | Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II |
| IPF-1 | Insulin promoter factor 1 |
| constituative promoter | An unregulated promoter that allows for continual transcription of itsassociated gene. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| promoter | <molecular biology> A region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds before initiating the transcription of DNA into RNA. The nucleotide at which transcription starts is designated +1 and nucleotides are numbered from this with negative numbers indicating upstream nucleotides and positive downstream nucleotides. most bacterial promoters contain two consensus sequences that seem to be essential for the binding of the polymerase. The first, the Pribnow box, is at about 10 and has the consensus sequence 5' TATAAT 3'. The second, the 35 sequence, is centred about 35 and has the consensus sequence 5' TTGACA 3'. most factors that regulate gene transcription do so by binding at or near the promoter and affecting the initiation of transcription. Much less is known about eukaryote promoters, each of the three RNA polymerases has a different promoter. RNA polymerase I recognises a single promoter for the precursor of rRNA. RNA polymerase II, that transcribes all genes coding for polypeptides, recognises many thousands of promoters. most have the Goldberg Hogness or TATA box that is centred around position 25 and has the consensus sequence 5' TATAAAA 3'. Several promoters have a CAAT box around 90 with the consensus sequence 5' GGCCAATCT 3'. There is increasing evidence that all promoters for housekeeping genes contain multiple copies of a GC rich element that includes the sequence 5' GGGCGG 3'. Transcription by polymerase II is also affected by more distant elements known as enhancers. RNA polymerase III synthesises 5s ribosomal RNA, all tRNAs and a number of small RNAs. The promoter for RNA polymerase III is located within the gene either as a single sequence, as in the 5s RNA gene or as two blocks, as in all tRNA genes. (13 Nov 1997) |
| promoter insertion | <molecular biology> Activation of a gene by the nearby integration of a virus. The long-terminal repeat acts as a promoter for the host gene. A form of insertional mutagenesis. (18 Nov 1997) |
| promoter regions | <genetics> DNA sequences which are recognised (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the pribnow box in bacteria and the tata box in eukaryotes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| down promoter mutation | <molecular biology> A mutation (a change in base pair sequence) in a promoter region, this results in lower gene expression (less transcription of the gene occurs). (09 Oct 1997) |
| tumour promoter | <molecular biology, oncology> Agent that in classical studies of carcinogenesis in rodent skin was able to increase the sensitivity of tumour formation by a previously applied primary carcinogen, but was unable to induce tumours when used alone. Important example was croton oil, active ingredients of which are now believed to be phorbol esters. These are believed to act as analogues of diacylglycerols and may activate protein kinase C. Strictly speaking, not the same as a co carcinogen, which is defined as being active when administered at the same time. Tumour promoters generally are carcinogens when tested more stringently. (18 Nov 1997) |
| up promoter mutation | A mutation that increases the frequency of initiation of transcription. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allelic gene | See: allele, dominance of traits. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antibiotic resistance gene | Genes in a microorganism which confer resistance to antibiotics, for example by coding for enzymes which destroy it, by coding for surface proteins which prevent it from entering the microorganism, or by being a mutant form of the antibiotic's target so that it can ignore it. (09 Oct 1997) |
| autosomal gene | A gene located on any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes (X or Y). (05 Mar 2000) |
| bicoid gene | A group of genes which are important to the proper development of the head and thorax in the embryo of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. (09 Oct 1997) |
| BRCA1 breast cancer susceptibility gene | This mutated (changed) version of the BRCA1 gene makes a person susceptible to developing breast cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide | <protein> A second product transcribed from the calcitonin gene. Calcitonin gene related peptide is found in a number of tissues including nervous tissue. It is a vasodilator that may participate in the cutaneous triple response. It is a neuropeptide of 37 amino acids with structural homology to salmon calcitonin. Co-localises with substance P in neurons. It occurs as a result of alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene. The neuropeptide is widely distributed in neural tissue of the brain, gut, perivascular nerves, and other tissue. The peptide produces multiple biological effects and has both circulatory and neurotransmitter modes of action. In particular, it is a potent endogenous vasodilator. Intracerebral administration leads to a rise in noradrenergic sympathetic outflow, a rise in blood pressure and a fall in gastric secretion. Acronym: CGRP (05 May 2002) |
| cancer susceptibility gene | tumour suppressor gene |
| rab gene | 1. <molecular biology> One of the three main groups of ras like genes specifying small GTP-binding proteins (the others are ras and rho). Rab proteins are involved in vesicular traffic and seem to control translocation from donor to acceptor membranes. 2. <cell biology> Gene family in plants responsive to abscisic acid: encode proteins of 15-17 kD. (18 Nov 1997) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|