| AAPS | American Association of Plastic Surgeons; Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale; Association of Ame... |
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| NORML | National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws |
| MP-RAGE | magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo |
| ppt | parts per trillion; precipitation, precipitate; prepared |
| prep, prepd | prepare, prepared |
| AHCCCS | Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System |
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| MP-RAGE | Magnetization Prepared RApid Gradient Echo |
| MP RAGE | magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo |
| FHSA | Family Health Service Authority |
| HFEA | Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority |
| Arizona | A genus of motile, peritrichous, nonsporeforming, aerobic to facultatively anaerobic bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae) containing Gram-negative rods. These organisms do not produce urease and do not grow in media containing potassium cyanide. They decarboxylate lysine, arginine, and ornithine. Lactose is generally fermented. These organisms have been isolated from a wide variety of animals, including man; they may cause gastroenteritis in man and frequently are involved in localised lesions in man and lower animals. There is a single species, Arizona hinshawii, the type species. Arizona hinshawii, former name for Salmonella subsp. Arizonae. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| authority figure | |
| area under curve | A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the auc from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| area under the curve | A measure of how much of a drug reaches the bloodstream in a set period of time, usually 24 hours. AUC is calculated by plotting drug blood concentration at various times during a 24-hour or longer period and then measuring the area under the curve between 0 and 24 hours as shown in the figure to the right. (09 Oct 1997) |
| prepared chalk | Purified native calcium carbonate, usually molded into cones; used as a mild astringent and antacid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| prepared ipecacuanha | A fine powder to contain 2% of the total alkaloids of ipecacuanha, calculated as emetine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| prepared mutton tallow | prepared suet |
| under | In a lower, subject, or subordinate condition; in subjection; used chiefly in a few idiomatic phrases; as, to bring under, to reduce to subjection; to subdue; to keep under, to keep in subjection; to control; to go under, to be unsuccessful; to fail. "I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection." (1 Cor. Ix. 27) "The minstrel fell, but the foeman's chain Could not bring his proud soul under." (Moore) Under is often used in composition with a verb to indicate lowness or inferiority in position or degree, in the act named by the verb; as, to underline; to undermine; to underprop. 1. Below or lower, in place or position, with the idea of being covered; lower than; beneath; opposed to over; as, he stood under a tree; the carriage is under cover; a cellar extends under the whole house. "Fruit put in bottles, and the bottles let down into wells under water, will keep long." (Bacon) "Be gathered now, ye waters under heaven, Into one place." (Milton) 2. Hence, in many figurative uses which may be classified as follows. Denoting relation to some thing or person that is superior, weighs upon, oppresses, bows down, governs, directs, influences powerfully, or the like, in a relation of subjection, subordination, obligation, liability, or the like; as, to travel under a heavy load; to live under extreme oppression; to have fortitude under the evils of life; to have patience under pain, or under misfortunes; to behave like a Christian under reproaches and injuries; under the pains and penalties of the law; the condition under which one enters upon an office; under the necessity of obeying the laws; under vows of chastity. "Both Jews and Gentiles . . . Are all under sin." (Rom. Iii. 9) "That led the embattled seraphim to war Under thy conduct." (Milton) "Who have their provand Only for bearing burdens, and sore blows For sinking under them." (Shak) Denoting relation to something that exceeds in rank or degree, in number, size, weight, age, or the like; in a relation of the less to the greater, of inferiority, or of falling short. "Three sons he dying left under age." (Spenser) "Medicines take effect sometimes under, and sometimes above, the natural proportion of their virtue." (Hooker) "There are several hundred parishes in England under twenty pounds a year." (Swift) "It was too great an honor for any man under a duke." (Addison) Hence, it sometimes means at, with, or for, less than; as, he would not sell the horse under sixty dollars. "Several young men could never leave the pulpit under half a dozen conceits." (Swift) Denoting relation to something that comprehends or includes, that represents or designates, that furnishes a cover, pretext, pretense, or the like; as, he betrayed him under the guise of friendship; Morpheus is represented under the figure of a boy asleep. "A crew who, under names of old renown . . . Abused Fanatic Egypt." (Milton) "Mr. Duke may be mentioned under the double capacity of a poet and a divine." (Felton) "Under this head may come in the several contests and wars betwixt popes and the secular princes." (C. Leslie) Less specifically, denoting the relation of being subject, of undergoing regard, treatment, or the like; as, a bill under discussion. "Abject and lost, lay these, covering the flood, Under amazement of their hideous change." (Milton) Under arms. <medicine> In a condition to make progress; having started. Origin: AS. Under, prep. & adv.; akin to OFries. Under, OS. Undar, D. Onder, G. Unter, OHG. Untar, Icel. Undir, Sw. & Dan. Under, Goth. Undar, L. Infra below, inferior lower, Skr. Adhas below. Cf. Inferior. Lower in position, intensity, rank, or degree; subject; subordinate; generally in composition with a noun, and written with or without the hyphen; as, an undercurrent; undertone; underdose; under-garment; underofficer; undersheriff. <zoology> Under covert, one of the feathers situated beneath the bases of the quills in the wings and tail of a bird. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| Ambard's laws | <physiology> Obsolete law's for output of urea: 1. With the urinary urea concentration constant, urea output varies directly as the square of the concentration of the blood urea. 2. With the blood urea concentration constant, urea output varies inversely as the square root of its urinary concentration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antitrust laws | Those federal and state laws, and their enforcement, that protect trade and commerce from unlawful restraints and monopolies or unfair business practices. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Mendel's laws | <genetics> The two basic principles of genetics proposed by Gregor Mendel. The law of segregation, which states that the alleles governing a trait are separated during the creation of gametes (meiosis). The law of independent assortment, which states that the genes controlling different traits are distributed separately from each other during meiosis. (13 Nov 1997) |
| Rubner's laws of growth | The law of constant energy consumption: the rapidity of growth is proportional to the intensity of the metabolic processes, the law of the constant growth quotient: in most young mammals, 24% of the entire food energy, or calories, is utilised for growth; in humans only 5% is utilised. (05 Mar 2000) |
| scaling laws | <radiobiology> These are mathematical rules explaining how variation in one quantity affects variations in other quantities. For instance, in a tokamak reactor its generally believed that energy confinement depends on the size of the device and the strength of the magnetic field, but the precise nature of the dependence is not fully understood, so empirical scaling laws are tested to see what the dependence is. Scaling laws are useful for extrapolating from parameter regimes where the mathematical relationships between the various quantities are known, into unexplored regimes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Thoma's laws | The development of blood vessels is governed by dynamic forces acting on their walls as follows: an increase in velocity of blood flow causes dilation of the lumen; an increase in lateral pressure on the vessel wall causes it to thicken; an increase in end-pressure causes the formation of new capillaries. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Faraday's laws | The amount of an electrolyte decomposed by an electric current is proportional to the amount of the current, when the same current is passed through several electrolytes, the amounts of the different substances decomposed are proportional to their chemical equivalents. (05 Mar 2000) |
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