| 영문 | Gram stain | 한글 | 그람염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미생물을 염색하는 방법 중의 하나. 1884년 덴마크의 의사 H.C.J. 그람(1853~ 1938)이 고안한 특수 염색법이다. 이 염색법을 사용하면 미생물은 양성균과 음성균의 2무리로 크게 나뉜다. 염색법은 균을 유리면에 바르고 가열 고정한다. 젠시안바이오렛, 크리스탈 바이오렛, 메틸바이오렛 등 파라로즈 아닐린계 색소의 어느 하나를 사용하여 우선 염색하고 이어서 루골액을 작용시킨 뒤, 에탄올 또는 아세톤으로 탈색한다. 이때 탈색되지 않고 보라색을 타나내는 것을 그람양성균이라 부르며, 포도알균-폐렴알균-사슬알균 등이 대표적인 예이다. 탈색되면 그람음성균이라 부르며, 대장균-녹농균 등이 있다. 최후에 사프라닌, 푹신 등 적색계의 색소액으로 후염색을 한다. 미생물의 감별에 중요한 염색법이며 염색성의 차이는 영양요구성, 화학요법제(항생물질 등)에 대한 감수성의 차이와도 관련되는 점이 많으므로 사용약제의 선택시에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 그람양성균과 음성균의 차이는 세균벽의 구조에 있는데, 양성균은 세포막의 바깥쪽 펩티드글리칸이라는 당단백질층의 두께가 20~80nm나 되고, 그램음성균의 펩티드글리칸 층은 2~3nm로 얇고, 다시 바깥쪽에 외막이라 부르는 층이 있다. |
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| 영문 | official name(=generic name) | 한글 | 일반명 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 약의 이름을 부를때 일반명과 이에 반하는 상표명(brand name: trade name)이 있다. 일반명은 약의 성분에 따라 붙이는 이름으로 비록 상표명은 달라도 그 일반명은 모두 동일할 수 있다. 예를 들어 ampicillin(항생제의 일종)이라는 일반명에 대해 각 회사에서는 모두 이 성분에 따라 약을 만들지만, 고유한 Amcill, 0mnipen, Penbritin, Polycillin 등의 각기 다른 상표를 붙이게 된다. |
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| BSC | bedside commode; bedside care; bench scale calorimeter; bile salt concentration; Biological Stain Co... |
|---|---|
| AFB Stain | Acid Fast Bacilli Stain |
| HE stain | Hematoxylin-Eosin stain |
| WS | Waardenburg syndrome; ward secretary; Warkany syndrome; Warthin-Starry [stain]; water soluble; water... |
| AOAC | Association of Official Agricultural Chemists |
| AOAC | Association of Official Analytical Chemists |
|---|---|
| PWS | Port Wine Stain |
| AJCC | American Joint Commission in Cancer |
| CIE | Commission International de l'Eclairage |
| CPSC | Consumer Product Safety Commission |
| medical missions, official | Travel by a group of physicians to a foreign country for the purpose of making a special study or of undertaking a special project of a short-term duration; not to be confused with missions and missionaries which covers permanent medical establishments and personnel maintained by religious organizations. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| official | 1. Of or pertaining to an office or public trust; as, official duties, or routine. "That, in the official marks invested, you Anon do meet the senate." (Shak) 2. Derived from the proper office or officer, or from the proper authority; made or communicated by virtue of authority; as, an official statement or report. 3. <pharmacology> Approved by authority; sanctioned by the pharmacopoeia; appointed to be used in medicine; as, an official drug or preparation. Cf. Officinal. 4. Discharging an office or function. "The stomach and other parts official unto nutrition." (Sir T. Browne) Origin: L. Officialis: cf. F. Officiel. See Office, and cf. Official. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| official formula | A formula contained in the Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary. (05 Mar 2000) |
| retracted publication | Designation of an article or book retracted in whole or in part by an author or authors or an authorised representative. It identifies a citation previously published and now retracted through a formal issuance from the author, publisher, or other authorised agent, and is distinguished from retraction of publication, which identifies the citation retracting the original published item. (12 Dec 1998) |
| retraction of publication | A statement issued by one or more authors of an article or a book, withdrawing or disavowing acknowledgment of their participation in performing research or writing the results of their study. In indexing, the retraction is sent to the editor of the publication in which the article appeared and is published under the rubric "retraction" or in the form of a letter. This publication type designates the author's statement of retraction: it should be differentiated from retracted publication which labels the retracted publication. (12 Dec 1998) |
| publication bias | The influence of study results on the chances of publication and the tendency of investigators, reviewers, and editors to submit or accept manuscripts for publication based on the direction or strength of the study findings. Publication bias has an impact on the interpretation of clinical trials and meta-analyses. Bias can be minimised by insistence by editors on high-quality research, thorough literature reviews, acknowledgement of conflicts of interest, modification of peer review practices, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| duplicate publication | Simultaneous or successive publishing of identical or near- identical material in two or more different sources without acknowledgment. It differs from reprinted publication in that a reprint cites sources. It differs from plagiarism in that duplicate publication is the product of the same authorship while plagiarism publishes a work or parts of a work of another as one's own. The designation given an article or book of identical or nearly identical material published simultaneously or successively with the material previously published elsewhere, without acknowledgment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| physician payment review commission | A commission created by the consolidated omnibus reconciliation act of 1985, enacted in 1986, and given the mandate to advise congress on medicare-physician payment. The commission members are appointed by the u.s. Office of technology assessment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| commission on professional and hospital activities | The non-profit, non-governmental organization which collects, processes, and distributes data on hospital use. Two programs of the commission are the professional activity study and the medical audit program. (12 Dec 1998) |
| prospective payment assessment commission | The commission charged with evaluating issues and factors which affect the implementation of the prospective payment system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| joint commission on accreditation of healthcare organizations | A private, voluntary, not-for-profit organization which establishes standards for the operation of health facilities and services, conducts surveys, and awards accreditation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| united states federal trade commission | An independent administrative agency concerned with maintaining competitive free enterprise by prohibiting unfair methods of competition and unfair deceptive acts or practices. (12 Dec 1998) |
| land conservation and development commission | (LCDC) A commission appointed to determine land use policy in Oregon. (05 Dec 1998) |
| biological | Pertaining to biology. (18 Nov 1997) |
| biological agent | <microbiology> A disease-causing microorganism or virus, or other toxic biological matter, which is used as a weapon during war. (21 Mar 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|