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second law of thermodynamics <physics> All of the chemical and physical processes in a closed system tend to drive that system toward maximum entropy.
Clausius statement: No device can operate in a cycle and allow heat to transfer from a colder body to a hotter body unless other compensating activities are taking place.
Kelvin-Planck statement: no device can operate in a constant-temperature cycle and convert the heat it receives into work, unless other other compensating activities are taking place.
(09 Oct 1997)
thermodynamics The study of energy and energy flow in closed and open systems.
(18 Nov 1997)
third law of thermodynamics <chemistry> The entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is zero.
(09 Jan 1998)
zeroeth law of thermodynamics <chemistry> Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
(09 Jan 1998)
first law of thermodynamics This law, derived from the principle of conservation of energy, is expressed as &#144E = Q - W, where &#144E is the internal change in energy, Q is the heat the environment transfers into the system, and W is the work the system does. In other words, it means that:
The internal energy in a system isolated from other systems remains constant
The change in the internal energy of a system that is not isolated is equal to the energy that crosses its boundariesinto or out of other systemsIt can be further extrapolated to mean that despite all the processesgoing on in the universe, the total energy contained in the universeremains constant.
(09 Oct 1997)
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