| 영문 | adverse effect | 한글 | 역효과, 유해효과 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 약물에 의한 치료를 할 때 나타나는 치료목적에 부합되지 않는 불쾌한 작용, 즉 부작용을 역효과로 표현하는 경우가 있다. 세계보건기구(WHO)에서는 역효과란 “예방, 진단, 치료의 목적으로 사람에게 상용량의 약을 사용하였을 때 발현하는 장애로, 의도하지 않은 작용”이라고 정의하고 있다. 약물에 의한 치료를 할 때, 특히 주목하여야 할 일반적인 역효과로서 약물알레르기, 조혈장기 장애, 간-콩팥의 장애, 물질 대사 장애 등이 있다. 이 외에 임산부에게 투여하여 발생한 기형발생, 마약, 각성제, 기타 향정신제에 의한 의존성 형성도 중요하다. |
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| CAN'T | LEAP cyclosporine, alcohol, nicotinic acid, thiazides, lasix, ethambutanol, aspirin, pyrazinamide [s... |
|---|---|
| NA | Avogadro constant or number; nalidixic acid; Narcotics Anonymous; network administrator; neuraminida... |
| NAA | N-acetyl aspartate; naphthaleneacetic acid; neutral amino acid; neutron activation analysis; neutrop... |
| nAChR | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor |
| NAD | neutrophil actin dysfunction; new antigenic determinant; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; nicotini... |
| nAChR | Nicotinic ACh receptor |
|---|---|
| nACh | Nicotinic acetylcholine |
| nAChR | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor |
| nAcChoR | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor |
| NA | Nicotinic acid |
| receptors, nicotinic | One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Nicotinic receptors were originally distinguished by their preference for nicotine over muscarine. They are generally divided into muscle-type and neuronal-type (previously ganglionic) based on pharmacology, molecular biology, and biophysical properties of the channels. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| nicotinic | <chemistry> Pertaining to, or derived from, nicotine; nicotic; used specifically to designate an acid related to pyridine, obtained by the oxidation of nicotine, and called nicotinic acid. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| nicotinic acetylcholine receptor | Integral membrane protein of the postsynaptic membrane to which acetylcholine binds. The receptor contains an integral ion channel, as a result of binding of acetylcholine, ion channels in the subsynaptic membrane are opened. at the neuromuscular junction, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor initiates muscle contraction. Currently the best characterised ion channel protein: made of a hetero pentamer of related subunits, although a homo pentamer is functional in insects. Structural studies show that the acetylcholine binding site and the ionic channel are part of the same macromolecular unit. The nAChR mediates rapid transduction events (1ms) whereas receptors activating G-protein coupled channels operate on slower time scales (millisecond to second range). (18 Nov 1997) |
| nicotinic acid | A precursor of NAD, that is a product of the oxidation of nicotine. (18 Nov 1997) |
| nicotinic acid amide | <biochemistry> Member of the water soluble B vitamin group, used in the production of fatty acids, steroids and cholesterol, deficiency is known as pellagra. Has cholesterol-lowering and vasodilating properties. (27 Sep 1997) |
| nicotinic acid maculopathy | Maculopathy observed in persons taking 3000 mg or more of nicotinic acid daily; normal vision returns after this medication is discontinued. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nicotinic acids | 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridinecarboxylic acids. Pyridine derivatives substituted with a carboxy group at the 2-, 3-, or 4-position. The 3-carboxy derivative (niacin) is active as a vitamin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nicotinic agonists | Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (receptors, nicotinic). Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarising blocking agents are included here because they activate nicotinic receptors, although they are used clinically to block nicotinic transmission. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nicotinic alcohol | <chemical> 3-pyridinemethanol. A direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure. It is used in vasospasm and threatened gangrene. Pharmacological action: vasodilator agents. Chemical name: 3-Pyridinemethanol (12 Dec 1998) |
| nicotinic antagonists | Drugs that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors (receptors, nicotinic) and block the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. Nicotinic antagonists block synaptic transmission at autonomic ganglia, the skeletal neuromuscular junction, and at central nervous system nicotinic synapses. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nicotinic cholinergic receptor | A class of receptors responsive to acetylcholine that also are activated by nicotine; ganglionic (including the adrenal medulla) and neuromuscular receptors. Two classes exist: nicotinic-neuronal and nicotinic-muscular. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nicotinic receptors | A class of cholinergic receptors on skeletal muscle cells that are linked to ion channels in the cell membrane. (05 Mar 2000) |
| abscopal effect | A reaction produced following irradiation but occurring outside the zone of actual radiation absorption. (05 Mar 2000) |
| additive effect | <biochemistry, chemistry> An additive effect is the overall biological effect two chemicals acting together and which is the simple sum of the effects of the chemicals acting independently. Compare: antagonism. (15 Jan 1998) |
| adverse effect | This is an abnormal or harmful effect to an organism caused by exposure to a chemical. It is indicated by some result such as death, a change in food or water consumption, altered body and organ weights, altered enzyme levels, or visible illness. An effect may be classed as adverse if it causes functional or anatomical damage, causes irreversible change in the homeostasis of the organism, or increases the susceptibility of the organism to other chemical or biological stress. A non-adverse effect will usually be reversed when the organism is no longer being exposed to the chemical. (09 Oct 1997) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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