| 영문 | Gram stain | 한글 | 그람염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미생물을 염색하는 방법 중의 하나. 1884년 덴마크의 의사 H.C.J. 그람(1853~ 1938)이 고안한 특수 염색법이다. 이 염색법을 사용하면 미생물은 양성균과 음성균의 2무리로 크게 나뉜다. 염색법은 균을 유리면에 바르고 가열 고정한다. 젠시안바이오렛, 크리스탈 바이오렛, 메틸바이오렛 등 파라로즈 아닐린계 색소의 어느 하나를 사용하여 우선 염색하고 이어서 루골액을 작용시킨 뒤, 에탄올 또는 아세톤으로 탈색한다. 이때 탈색되지 않고 보라색을 타나내는 것을 그람양성균이라 부르며, 포도알균-폐렴알균-사슬알균 등이 대표적인 예이다. 탈색되면 그람음성균이라 부르며, 대장균-녹농균 등이 있다. 최후에 사프라닌, 푹신 등 적색계의 색소액으로 후염색을 한다. 미생물의 감별에 중요한 염색법이며 염색성의 차이는 영양요구성, 화학요법제(항생물질 등)에 대한 감수성의 차이와도 관련되는 점이 많으므로 사용약제의 선택시에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 그람양성균과 음성균의 차이는 세균벽의 구조에 있는데, 양성균은 세포막의 바깥쪽 펩티드글리칸이라는 당단백질층의 두께가 20~80nm나 되고, 그램음성균의 펩티드글리칸 층은 2~3nm로 얇고, 다시 바깥쪽에 외막이라 부르는 층이 있다. |
||
| CV | cardiac volume; cardiovascular; carotenoid vesicle; cell volume; central venous; cephalic vein; cere... |
|---|---|
| AFB Stain | Acid Fast Bacilli Stain |
| HE stain | Hematoxylin-Eosin stain |
| WS | Waardenburg syndrome; ward secretary; Warkany syndrome; Warthin-Starry [stain]; water soluble; water... |
| MPMP | 10[(1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)-methyl]-1OH-phenothiazine |
| PWS | Port Wine Stain |
|---|---|
| INT | 4-iodonitrotetrazolium violet |
| CV | Crystal Violet |
| GV | Gentian Violet |
| PUVA | Psoralen-ultra violet A |
methyl group
| methyl violet | Mixtures of tetra-, penta-, or pararosanilin which vary in shade of violet depending on the extent of methylation (designated R for reddish shades, B for bluish shades); the hexamethyl compound is known as crystal violet, the pentamenthyl compound as methyl violet 6B. As stains, methyl violet has many bacteriological, histological, and cytological applications. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| Ehrlich's aniline crystal violet stain | <technique> A stain for Gram-positive bacteria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Mann's methyl blue-eosin stain | <technique> A stain useful for anterior pituitary and viral inclusion bodies; a mixture of the two dyes stains alpha cell granules red, beta cell granules dark blue, chromophobes gray to pink, colloid red, erythrocytes orange-red, and collagen fibres blue; this method is also useful for enterochromaffin, goblet, Paneth, and pancreatic islet cells; Negri bodies appear red while their nuclei and central granules are blue. (05 Mar 2000) |
| methyl green-pyronin stain | <technique> A staining method useful for identification of plasma cells which are intensely pyroninophilic; a mixture of a green and a red dye that has the property of staining highly polymerised nucleic acid (DNA) green and low molecular weight nucleic acids (RNA) red. See: Unna-Pappenheim stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gentian violet | <chemical> A dye occuring as a dark green powder or greenish glistening pieces having a metallic luster, with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties, applied topically in the treatment of infections of the skin and muscous membranes associated with gram-positive bacteria and molds, and administered orally in pinworm and liver fluke infections. It has been given in strongyloidosis. Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, local, antinematodal agent, rosaniline dyes. Chemical name: Methanaminium, N-(4-(bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)methylene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-N-methyl-, chloride (12 Dec 1998) |
| violet | 1. <botany> Any plant or flower of the genus Viola, of many species. The violets are generally low, herbaceous plants, and the flowers of many of the species are blue, while others are white or yellow, or of several colours, as the pansy (Viola tricolour). The cultivated sweet violet is Viola odorata of Europe. The common blue violet of the eastern United States is V. Cucullata; the sand, or bird-foot, violet is V. Pedata. 2. The colour of a violet, or that part of the spectrum farthest from red. It is the most refrangible part of the spectrum. 3. In art, a colour produced by a combination of red and blue in equal proportions; a bluish purple colour. 4. <zoology> Any one of numerous species of small violet-coloured butterflies belonging to Lycaena, or Rusticus, and allied genera. Corn violet. See Corn. Dame's violet. <botany> An aquatic European herb (Hottonia palustris) with pale purplish flowers and pinnatifid leaves. Origin: F. Violette a violet (cf. Violet violet-coloured), dim. Of OF. Viole a violet, L. Viola; akin to Gr. Cf. Iodine. Dark blue, inclining to red; bluish purple; having a colour produced by red and blue combined. <zoology> Violet shell, any species of Ianthina; called also violet snail. See Lanthina. Violet wood, a name given to several kinds of hard purplish or reddish woods, as king wood, myall wood, and the wood of the Andira violacea, a tree of Guiana. Origin: Cf. F. Violet. See Violet. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| violet-tip | <zoology> A very handsome American butterfly (Polygonia interrogationis). Its wings are mottled with various shades of red and brown and have violet tips. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| visual violet | A visual pigment, composed of 11-cis-retinal bound to an opsin, found in the cones of the retina. Synonym: visual violet. Origin: G. Ion, violet, + ops, eye, + -in (05 Mar 2000) |
| water violet | <botany> See Violet. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| cresyl violet acetate | A metachromatic basic oxazin dye, C18H15N3O3, used as a stain for nuclei and Nissl substance; related to German derived dye known as cresyl echt violet or cresyl fast violet. (05 Mar 2000) |
| crystal violet | Hexamethylpararosanilin chloride;a compound that has been used in the external treatment of burns, wounds, and fungal infections of skin and mucous membranes, and internally for pinworm and certain fluke infections; used also as a stain for chromatin, amyloid, platelets in blood, fibrin, and neuroglia, and to differentiate among bacteria. Synonym: methylrosaniline chloride. (05 Mar 2000) |
| crystal violet vaccine | See: hog cholera vaccines. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Lauth's violet | <chemistry> An artificial red or violet dyestuff consisting of a complex sulphur derivative of certain aromatic diamines, and obtained as a dark crystalline powder. Synonym: phenylene violet. Origin: Gr. Brimstone, sulphur. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| active methyl | A methyl group attached to a quaternary ammonium ion or a tertiary sulfonium ion that can take part in transmethylation reactions; e.g., methyl groups in choline and in S-adenosyl-l-methionine, which are thus methyl donors. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aklanonic acid methyl ester cyclase | <enzyme> Catalyses the formation of aklaviketone from aklanonic acid methyl ester; involved in daunomycin biosynthesis; see also daunorubicin-doxorubicin polyketide synthase Registry number: EC 5.- Synonym: aame cyclase, daud protein, daud gene product, dnrd protein, dnrd gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|