| 영문 | Gram stain | 한글 | 그람염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미생물을 염색하는 방법 중의 하나. 1884년 덴마크의 의사 H.C.J. 그람(1853~ 1938)이 고안한 특수 염색법이다. 이 염색법을 사용하면 미생물은 양성균과 음성균의 2무리로 크게 나뉜다. 염색법은 균을 유리면에 바르고 가열 고정한다. 젠시안바이오렛, 크리스탈 바이오렛, 메틸바이오렛 등 파라로즈 아닐린계 색소의 어느 하나를 사용하여 우선 염색하고 이어서 루골액을 작용시킨 뒤, 에탄올 또는 아세톤으로 탈색한다. 이때 탈색되지 않고 보라색을 타나내는 것을 그람양성균이라 부르며, 포도알균-폐렴알균-사슬알균 등이 대표적인 예이다. 탈색되면 그람음성균이라 부르며, 대장균-녹농균 등이 있다. 최후에 사프라닌, 푹신 등 적색계의 색소액으로 후염색을 한다. 미생물의 감별에 중요한 염색법이며 염색성의 차이는 영양요구성, 화학요법제(항생물질 등)에 대한 감수성의 차이와도 관련되는 점이 많으므로 사용약제의 선택시에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 그람양성균과 음성균의 차이는 세균벽의 구조에 있는데, 양성균은 세포막의 바깥쪽 펩티드글리칸이라는 당단백질층의 두께가 20~80nm나 되고, 그램음성균의 펩티드글리칸 층은 2~3nm로 얇고, 다시 바깥쪽에 외막이라 부르는 층이 있다. |
||
| AFB Stain | Acid Fast Bacilli Stain |
|---|---|
| HE stain | Hematoxylin-Eosin stain |
| WS | Waardenburg syndrome; ward secretary; Warkany syndrome; Warthin-Starry [stain]; water soluble; water... |
| MPMP | 10[(1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)-methyl]-1OH-phenothiazine |
| PAS | 1) Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain 2) Para-Amino-Salicyclic Acid &nbs... |
| PWS | Port Wine Stain |
|---|---|
| 5-methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl | 2'-Methyl-4 |
| 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinyl | S)-3-Methyl-5 |
| MPP+ | methyl phenyl pyridinium |
| MNU | M-methyl-N-nitrosourea |
methyl group
| methyl green-pyronin stain | <technique> A staining method useful for identification of plasma cells which are intensely pyroninophilic; a mixture of a green and a red dye that has the property of staining highly polymerised nucleic acid (DNA) green and low molecular weight nucleic acids (RNA) red. See: Unna-Pappenheim stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|
| Mann's methyl blue-eosin stain | <technique> A stain useful for anterior pituitary and viral inclusion bodies; a mixture of the two dyes stains alpha cell granules red, beta cell granules dark blue, chromophobes gray to pink, colloid red, erythrocytes orange-red, and collagen fibres blue; this method is also useful for enterochromaffin, goblet, Paneth, and pancreatic islet cells; Negri bodies appear red while their nuclei and central granules are blue. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| active methyl | A methyl group attached to a quaternary ammonium ion or a tertiary sulfonium ion that can take part in transmethylation reactions; e.g., methyl groups in choline and in S-adenosyl-l-methionine, which are thus methyl donors. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aklanonic acid methyl ester cyclase | <enzyme> Catalyses the formation of aklaviketone from aklanonic acid methyl ester; involved in daunomycin biosynthesis; see also daunorubicin-doxorubicin polyketide synthase Registry number: EC 5.- Synonym: aame cyclase, daud protein, daud gene product, dnrd protein, dnrd gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| alpha-(4-O-methyl)-D-glucuronidase | <enzyme> Removes 4-o-methyl-glucopyranosyl uronic acid residues from the 2-position of fungal cell wall xylans Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- Synonym: 4-o-methyl-glucuronidase (26 Jun 1999) |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid | <chemical> Alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid. An ibotenic acid homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the ampa subtype of glutamate receptors (receptors, ampa). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. Pharmacological action: excitatory amino acid agonists. Chemical name: 4-Isoxazolepropanoic acid, alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo- (12 Dec 1998) |
| alpha methyl dopa | <drug> An antihypertensive drug, preferred in pregnant patients. (18 Nov 1997) |
| angular methyl | A methyl group attached to carbon 10 (between rings A and B) or to carbon 13 (between rings C and D) of the steroid nucleus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bevonium methyl sulfate | 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium methyl sulfate benzylate;an anticholinergic agent. Synonym: pyribenzyl methyl sulfate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| receptors, n-methyl-d-aspartate | A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterised by affinity for n-methyl-d-aspartate. Nmda receptors have an allosteric binding site for glycine which must be occupied for the channel to open efficiently and a site within the channel itself to which magnesium ions bind in a voltage-dependent manner. The positive voltage dependence of channel conductance and the high permeability of the conducting channel to calcium ions (as well as to monovalent cations) are important in excitotoxicity and neuronal plasticity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| methyl | <chemistry> Specific reference to the methyl group is made when macromolecules are modified after synthesis by enzymic addition of methyl groups. The group is transferred to nucleic acids and proteins. See: methyl transferase and DNA methylation. (18 Nov 1997) |
| methyl accepting chemotaxis protein | Methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins. Proteins of the inner cytoplasmic face of the bacterial plasma membane with which the receptors of the outer face interact. Four different MCPs are known in E. Coli, each with a separate set of receptors. Can be methylated at various sites, methylation is part of the adaptation to the signal. Although important intermediate signal integration sites, they are not directly connected to the motor. (18 Nov 1997) |
| methyl alcohol | CH3OH;a flammable, toxic, mobile liquid, used as an industrial solvent, antifreeze, and in chemical manufacture; ingestion may result in severe acidosis, visual impairment, and other effects on the central nervous system. Synonym: carbinol, methanol, pyroligneous alcohol, pyroligneous spirit, pyroxylic spirit, wood alcohol, wood naphtha, wood spirit. (05 Mar 2000) |
| methyl aldehyde | <chemical> Commonly used fixative and antibacterial agent. As a fixative it is cheap and tends to cause less denaturation of proteins than does glutaraldehyde, particularly if used in a well buffered solution (buffered formalin, formal saline). Old formaldehyde solutions usually contain cross linking contaminants and it is therefore often preferable to used a formaldehyde generating agent such as paraformaldehyde. Formalin fumes, particularly in conjunction with hydrochloric acid vapour, are potently carcinogenic. (20 Jun 2000) |
| methyl blue | A sulfonated triphenylrosaniline dye used as a stain for cytoplasm, collagen, and Negri bodies, and as an antiseptic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| methyl bromide | <chemical> A volatile, toxic, colourless gas or liquid that is frequently used as a fumigant, it is similar in structure to chloroform. It is known to be a powerful ozone-destroying chemical, but it is broken down by some bacteria, thereis much scientific debate on how much danger methyl bromide poses to the ozone layer. (09 Oct 1997) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|