| 영문 | laser | 한글 | 레이저 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation의 약어. 여러 가지 주파수의 빛을 가시역내에서 극도로 강력하고 작은, 거의 발산성이 없는 동일상의 단일 방사광속으로 바꾸는 장치. 1960년 Maiman은 루비결정을 사용하여 레이저를 발생시키는 연구에 성공했다. 물질의 원자는 고유의 스펙트럼선을 갖고 있어, 보통은 낮은 안정된 에너지 수준에 있지만, 이것에 강한 빛을 쪼이면, 이 에너지를 흡수하여 최외각의 전자가 에너지 수준이 높은 궤도로 옮겨간다. 그러나 불안정하기 때문에 곧 원래의 궤도로 돌아가며, 그때 흡수한 에너지와 동등한 광자에너지를 방출한다. 이 광자에너지는 가까이에 있는 원자를 들뜨게 하는데, 이것이 연속적으로 일어나는 것을 유도방출이라고 하며, 원자 고유 파장에서 위상이 똑같은 점이 특징이다. 종류에는 기체, 액체, 고체 레이저가 있다. 치과에서는 고체인 루비와 반도체레이저가 소프트레이저로서 진통용으로 사용되고 있다. 또한 절개용으로서 CO2레이저가, 절개용으로서는 Nd-YAG와 Er-YAG 레이저가 사용되고 있다. |
||
| 영문 | laser surgery | 한글 | 레이저수술 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 레이저를 이용한 수술방법. 레이저 광선은 일반적인 전구나 촛불과는 달리 빛이 퍼지지 않고 일정한 방향으로 진행하므로 집광렌즈를 사용하여 광선을 모으면 초점 부위에서 단위면적이 높은 에너지를 얻을 수 있다. 이 에너지가 수분으로 구성된 생물체에 작용하면 순간적으로 수분이 증발하므로 조직이 기화 소멸하게 되는데, 이러한 원리를 수술에 이용하는 것이다. 레이저는 수술칼 대신 조직을 자를 수 있고 조직을 증발시키기도 한다. 레이저수술의 장점은 출혈이 없는 수술이 가능하므로 병터를 정확하게 없앨 수 있고, 구강-후두 등 기능 보존이 필요한 미세수술이 가능하며, 수술 후 염증이 가벼워 통증이 적고 흉터가 적으며 입원기간이 짧거나 필요하지 않을 수도 있다는 점이다. 단점은 수술칼이나 전기메스보다 절개속도가 느리고, 레이저광선이 수술부위 이외의 곳에 닿지 않도록 주의해야 하며, 전신마취를 하는 경우에는 특수한 마취튜브를 사용해야 한다는 점이다. |
||
| 영문 | electron microscope | 한글 | 전자현미경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 전기 마당 또는 자기 마당을 이용하여 전자류를 전자 렌즈에 집속시켜, 그 통로에 놓인 표본의 상을 확대하는 장치. 광학 현미경보다 훨씬 뛰어난 분해 능력을 가진다. |
||
| 영문 | microscope | 한글 | 현미경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 물체의 미세한 부분을 확대하여 관찰하는 장치. 대개의 경우는 대물렌즈와 접안렌즈를 갖추고 있는 현미경을 말하나, 넓은 뜻으로는 전자선을 이용하는 전자현미경을 포함하며, 확대경도 단일 렌즈계를 갖는 단현미경이라 할 수 있다. 종류와 형은 사용목적-제작연대-제작 회사의 차이에 따라 여러 가지가 있으나 구조적으로 분류하면, 가장 일반적인 투과현미경 이외에 금속현미경-편광현미경-형광현미경-위상차현미경-자외선현미경 등의 특수한 것들이 있다. 현미경이 물체의 상을 확대하는 원리는 초점거리가 짧은 대물렌즈에 의하여 얻어지는 확대된 도립실상을 접안렌즈로 다시 확대하는 것이다. 이 결상관계는 대단히 예민하여 물체와 대물렌즈 사이의 거리가 조금만 변하여도 바른 상을 맺지 못한다. |
||
| SLAM | scanning laser acoustic microscope; systemic lupus erythematosus activity measure |
|---|---|
| LDF | laser Doppler flux, laser Doppler fluxometry; limit dilution factor |
| CEM | computerized electroencephalographic map; conventional transmission electron microscope |
| EM | early memory; ejection murmur; electromagnetic; electron micrograph; electron microscopy, electron m... |
| E/M | electron microscope, electron microscopy; evaluation and management |
| CLSM | Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope |
|---|---|
| CSLM | Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope |
| LSCM | Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope |
| LSM | Laser Scanning Microscope |
| AFM | Atomic Force Microscope |
| laser microscope | <instrument> A microscope in which a laser beam is focused on a microscopic field, causing it to vaporise; the emitted radiation is analyzed by means of a microspectrophotometer; at a low intensity the laser is employed as the light source in an interference microscope. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|
| solid state laser | <radiobiology> A laser using a transparent substance (crystalline or glass) as the active medium, doped to provide the energy states necessary for lasing. The pumping mechanism is the radiation from a powerful light source, such as a flashlamp. The ruby, Nd-YAG, and Nd:glass lasers are solid-state lasers. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| spectrometry, mass, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization | A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dye laser | <radiobiology> A type of laser in which the active material (the material which emits the laser light) is a dye. These lasers are tunable when the dye has very large molecules (such as acridine red or esculin) and the laser action takes place between the first excited and ground electronic states, because each of these states contains a broad continuum band of vibrational-rotational levels. (09 Oct 1997) |
| yag laser surgery | <ophthalmology, procedure, surgery> The use of laser light to punch a hole in the iris to relieve intraocular pressure within the eye (for example glaucoma). This surgery is painless and requires no anaesthesia. (27 Sep 1997) |
| keratectomy, photorefractive, excimer laser | A type of refractive surgery of the cornea to correct myopia and astigmatism, using an excimer laser. An excimer laser is a laser containing a noble gas, such as helium or neon, which is based on a transition between an excited state in which a metastable bond exists between two gas atoms and a rapidly dissociating ground state. The extremely precise laser light reshapes the surface of the cornea without making an incision. This procedure can reduce much higher degrees of myopia than radial keratotomy (keratotomy, radial), although it generally takes longer for vision to clear. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laser | A medical instrument that produces a powerful beam of light and can produce intense heat when focused at close range. Lasers are often used in surgery to vaporize damaged cell tissue. (16 Dec 1997) |
| laser angioplasty | <cardiology, procedure> A technique utilizing a laser coupled to a catheter which is used in the dilatation of occluded blood vessels. This includes laser thermal angioplasty where the laser energy heats up a metal tip, and direct laser angioplasty where the laser energy directly ablates the occlusion. One form of the latter approach uses an excimer laser which creates microscopically precise cuts without thermal injury. When laser angioplasty is performed in combination with balloon angioplasty it is called laser-assisted balloon angioplasty (angioplasty, balloon, laser-assisted). (05 Mar 2000) |
| laser-assisted balloon angioplasty | <cardiology, procedure> Techniques using laser energy in combination with a balloon catheter to perform angioplasty. These procedures can take several forms including: 1. Laser fibre delivering the energy while the inflated balloon centres the fibre and occludes the blood flow. 2. Balloon angioplasty immediately following laser angioplasty. 3. Laser energy transmitted through angioplasty balloons that contain an internal fibre. (05 Mar 2000) |
| laser coagulation | The coagulation of tissues using lasers. These lasers produce light in the visible green wavelength that is selectively absorbed by haemoglobin, and thus it is possible to seal bleeding blood vessels. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laser-doppler flowmetry | A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of microcirculation. The technique is based on the values of the doppler effect of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laser fusion | <radiobiology> Form of inertial confinement fusion where laser beams are used to compress and heat the fuel pellet. (09 Oct 1997) |
| laser interferometer | <radiobiology> An interferometer which uses a laser as a light source. Because of the monochromatic nature and high brightness of laser light, laser interferometers can operate with much longer beam paths and path differences than conventional interferometers. (09 Oct 1997) |
| laser iridotomy | Peripheral iridectomy as performed by laser.This is a refinement of the surgical technique devised in 1858 by von Graefe. In acute glaucoma the aqueous humor cannot flow freely around the lens and through the pupil to be absorbed in the angle of the anterior chamber. Laser peripheral iridectomy corrects this problem by producing a small hole in the iris to permit aqueous flow. The procedure takes only a few seconds and employs a laser attached to a slit lamp. (05 Mar 2000) |
| laser surgery | A type of operation using the cutting powers of laser beams from various sources. The use of a laser either to vaporise surface lesions or to make bloodless cuts in tissue. It does not include the coagulation of tissue by laser (laser coagulation). (12 Dec 1998) |
| laser trabeculoplasty | An operation for glaucoma in which laser energy is applied to trabecular meshwork.a procedure in which a laser (usually argon) is used to create small openings in the trabecular network of the eye. This improves the flow of the aqueous humor and relieves pressure owed to open-angle glaucoma, although by what precise mechanism is not known. LTP has proven effective with only certain types of glaucoma (especially capsular and pigmentary glaucomas), and is sometimes used in conjunction with laser iridotomy. Investigations into laser treatments of open-angle glaucoma began in the early 1970s, but not until the late 1980s was LTP adopted as a standard treatment for the condition, with a 2-year success rate of over 70% (dropping to 50% after 5 years). LTP lessens chances of postoperative infection and haemorrhaging, and can be performed on an outpatient basis. LTP joins other laser techniques that have radically altered eye surgery since their advent. (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|