| 영문 | serum | 한글 | 혈청 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액의 성분 중 고형성분인 혈구세포(적혈구, 백혈구 등), 혈소판을 제외한 부분을 혈장이라고 하고, 혈장에서 섬유소를 제외한 부분을 혈청이라고 한다. |
||
| 영문 | serum proteins | 한글 | 혈청단백 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈청에 있는 단백질들을 총칭하는 말로, 면역글로불린(면역현상에 관여하는 항체를 형성함), 알부민, 보체 및 응고인자와 여러 효소들이 이에 속한다. |
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| 영문 | serum enzyme | 한글 | 혈청효소 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈청 내에 포함되어 있는 여러 가지 효소를 일컫는 말이다. |
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| 영문 | hepatitis | 한글 | 간염 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 간에 생기는 염증을 통틀어 이르는 말. 발열-황달-전신권태-소화 장애의 증상을 보이는데, 주된 원인은 음식물과 혈액을 통한 바이러스 감염이며 그 밖에 약물, 알코올, 알레르기 등이 원인인 것도 있다. 이 간염은 그 지속기간에 따라서 급성간염과 만성간염으로 나누는데, 만성간염은 6개월 이상 간염이 지속되는 경우를 말하고 급성간염은 6개월 이상 지속하지 못하는 경우를 말한다. 급성간염은 막연한 명칭으로서, 간의 급성-실질성 상해의 거의 전부를 포괄하는 넓은 개념이지만, 실제는 바이러스의 감염으로 생기는 간염이 대부분이다. 바이러스성 간염은 유행선간염(A형)과 혈청간염(B형)의 두 종류가 있는데, 이들은 모두 전염성 질환이지만 감염 경로는 다르다. 감염 경로로 유행선간염바이러스는 혈액-샘창자액-대변 중에서 증명되므로 전염된 물-음식을 통하여 경구감염되거나 환자와의 직접 접촉에 의해서 감염된다. 혈청간염은 오로지 비경구적 감염으로 환자의 혈청, 혈액의 주사, 환자의 혈액에 감염된 주사기 등으로 감염된다. 잠복기는 유행성간염이 2~6주간이고, 혈청 간염은 6주~6개월 가량 된다. 혈청간염은 유행의 계절-연령과는 관계가 없으나, 유행성간염은 주로 가을에서 겨울에 걸쳐 많고 청소년에 많다. 증세는 발병하기 1주일 전부터 온몸이 노곤하고 식욕이 떨어지며 두통이 있고 상복부에 불쾌감이 생기는데, 유행성간염에서는 황달이 나타나기 전에 발열(38℃ 전후)이 있을 때가 많고 수일 후에 해열된다. 또, 관절-허리가 아플 때도 있어 처음에는 감기로 오인할 때가 많다. 혈청간염은 이러한 초기 증세가 가볍고 서서히 발병하는 것이 많다. 주증세는 위장증세와 황달이며, 식욕부진-구토-구역질, 상복부의 둔통 등이 일어나며, 발병 후 4~5일에 황달이 나타난다. 황달은 1주일을 전후하여 최고에 이르며, 그 후 1개월 사이에 없어지면서 다른 증세도 좋아진다. 경과는 급성간염은 약 70%가 대개 1~3개월 이내에 치유되지만 빨리 치료되지 않는 것 중 15%가 만성간염으로 이행하며, 그 일부는 간경화증으로 이행한다. 급성간염 중에는 때로는 10일 이내에 사망하는 전격성간염이라고 하는 것도 있다. 병의 전체 경과 중 황달이 나타나지 않는 무황달성 간염이라고 하는 것도 있어. 만성간염으로 이행하는 것에는 이 무황달성이 많은 경향이 있다. 혈청간염도 만성화하기 쉽다. |
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| 영문 | acute hepatitis | 한글 | 급성간염 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 바이러스에 의해 간에 생기는 급성염증. 급성간염이란 간염바이러스(A형-B형-비A비B형)에 의해서 간에 생기는 급성염증을 병명으로 이르는 말로, 이는 그 감염양식에 수혈 후에 발생하는 수혈후 간염과, 감염경로를 알 수 없는 산발성간염 및 집단으로 발생하는 유행선간염의 세가지 유형으로 나눌 수 있다. 수혈후 간염은 그 95%가 비A비B형간염이며 나머지가 B형 간염이다. 산발성 간염은 A형 간염과 B형 간염이 각각 30%를 이루고 나머지 40%는 비A비B간염이다. 집단으로 발생하는 유행성간염은 거의가 A형간염이지만 때로는 여기에 포함되지 않은 형의 간염일 경우도 있다. 급성간염의 증세는 먼저 몸이 나른해지고 온몸에 권태감이 찾아오며 조그마한 일에도 곧 피로를 느끼게 된다. 그리고 식욕부진-발열-구토증-복통-설사 등, 감기나 급성위장염에 걸렸을 때와 같은 증세 등이 나타난다. 뒤이어 황달증세를 보이는데, 이때는 초기의 증세가 약간 가벼워진 것처럼 느껴지는 것이 보통이다. 그러나 황달증세가 심해지고 초기의 증세들이 다시 진행되면 이때는 전격성간염이 될 위험이 있다. 간염 증세가 심하지 않았을 경우는 황달이 눈에 띄지 않은 경우도 있는데 이때는 진찰을 해도 감기나 급성위창자염으로 자칫 오진되기 쉽다. 또 A형간염은 열이 38~39℃까지 오르고 증세가 갑자기 나타나는 것이 특징이며 급성비A비B형간염은 증세가 비교적 가벼운 것이 특징이다. 급성B형간염의 증세는 A형간염과 급성비A비B형간염의 중간 정도인 것이 보통이다. |
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| AH | abdominal hysterectomy; absorptive hypercalciuria; accidental hypothermia; acetohexamide; acid hydro... |
|---|---|
| ACIP | acute canine idiopathic polyneuropathy; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [CDC] |
| DPI | daily permissible intake; days post inoculation; dietary protein intake; diphtheria-pertussis immuni... |
| EPI | echo planar imaging; electronic portal imaging; Emotion Profile Index; epilepsy; epinephrine; epithe... |
| immun | immune, immunity, immunization |
| CII | Childhood Immunization Initiative |
|---|---|
| EPI | Expanded Program of Immunization |
| NID | National Immunization Day |
| NIS | National Immunization Survey |
| AIH | 1)autoimmune hepatitis |
| immunization, serum hepatitis | See Immunization, hepatitis b. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|
| hepatitis a immunization | When immediate protection against hepatitis a (infectious hepatitis) is needed, immunoglobulins are used. Protection is effective only if given within 2 weeks of exposure and lasts but 2-4 months. Immunoglobulins can be used to protect household contacts of someone with acute viral hepatitis and travelers to regions with poor sanitation and high hepatitis a rates, when the traveler has to depart sooner than the vaccines can take effect (about 2 weeks). Travelers can receive the immunoglobulin and vaccine simultaneously and be protected immediately and for longer term. When immediate protection is not needed, hepatitis a vaccines are considered for individuals in high-risk settings, including frequent world travelers, sexually active individuals with multiple partners, homosexual men, individuals using illicit drugs, employees of daycare centres, and certain healthcare workers, and sewage workers. Two hepatitis a vaccines called havrix and vaqta are commercially available in the u.s. Both are highly effective and provide protection even after only one dose. Two doses are recommended for adults and 3 doses for children (under 18 years of age) to provide prolonged protection. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| hepatitis b immunization | Hepatits B (hep B) vaccine gives prolonged protection, but 3 shots over a half year are usually required. In the u.s., all infants receive hep b vaccine. Two vaccines (engerix-b, and recombivax-hb) are available in the us. The first dose of hep b vaccine is frequently given while the newborn is in the hospital or at the first doctor visit following birth. The second dose is given about 30 days after the initial dose. A booster dose is performed approximately six months later. Babies born to mothers testing positive for hep b receive, in addition, hbig (hep b immune globulin) for prompt protection. Older children (11-12 years) are advised to receive a hep b booster as are adults in high-risk situations including healthcare workers, dentists, intimate and household contacts of patients with chronic hep b infection, male homosexuals, individuals with multiple sexual partners, dialysis patients, iv drug users, and recipients of repeated transfusions. Healthcare workers accidentally exposed to materials infected with hep b (such as needle sticks), and individuals with known sexual contact with hep b patients are usually given both hbig and vaccine to provide immediate and long term protection. (12 Dec 1998) |
| immunization, hepatitis a | When immediate protection against hepatitis a (infectious hepatitis) is needed, immunoglobulins are used. Protection is effective only if given within 2 weeks of exposure and lasts but 2-4 months. Immunoglobulins can be used to protect household contacts of someone with acute viral hepatitis and travelers to regions with poor sanitation and high hepatitis a rates, when the traveler has to depart sooner than the vaccines can take effect (about 2 weeks). Travelers can receive the immunoglobulin and vaccine simultaneously and be protected immediately and for longer term. When immediate protection is not needed, hepatitis a vaccines are considered for individuals in high-risk settings, including frequent world travelers, sexually active individuals with multiple partners, homosexual men, individuals using illicit drugs, employees of daycare centres, and certain health care workers, and sewage workers. Two hepatitis a vaccines called havrix and vaqta are commercially available in the u.s. Both are highly effective and provide protection even after only one dose. Two doses are recommended for adults and 3 doses for children (under 18 years of age) to provide prolonged protection. (12 Dec 1998) |
| immunization, hepatitis b | Hepatits B (hep B) vaccine gives prolonged protection, but 3 shots over a half year are usually required. In the u.s., all infants receive hep b vaccine. Two vaccines (engerix-b, and recombivax-hb) are available in the us. The first dose of hep b vaccine is frequently given while the newborn is in the hospital or at the first doctor visit following birth. The second dose is given about 30 days after the initial dose. A booster dose is performed approximately six months later. Babies born to mothers testing positive for hep b receive, in addition, hbig (hep b immune globulin) for prompt protection. Older children (11-12 years) are advised to receive a hep b booster as are adults in high-risk situations including healthcare workers, dentists, intimate and household contacts of patients with chronic hep b infection, male homosexuals, individuals with multiple sexual partners, dialysis patients, iv drug users, and recipients of repeated transfusions. Health care workers accidentally exposed to materials infected with hep b (such as needle sticks), and individuals with known sexual contact with hep b patients are usually given both hbig and vaccine to provide immediate and long term protection. (12 Dec 1998) |
| immunization, infectious hepatitis | See Immunization, hepatitis a. (12 Dec 1998) |
| infectious hepatitis immunization | See Immunization, hepatitis a. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccineation, serum hepatitis | See Vaccination, hepatitis b. (12 Dec 1998) |
| serum hepatitis | <virology> A form of viral hepatitis, known as serum hepatitis, because it is commonly spread through contact with infected blood products (transfusion). May also be spread sexually or from mother to infant. Hepatitis B can cause a much more severe infection than hepatitis A and can occur as an asymptomatic carrier state, a chronic infection or as cirrhosis of the liver. Those at risk (IV drug abusers, health care workers, dialysis patients, transfusion recipients, homosexuals) should be immunised with hepatitis B vaccine. The virus is 42nm diameter, with an outer sheath enclosing inner 27nm core particle containing the circular viral DNA. Aggregates of the envelope proteins are found in plasma and are referred to as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg, previously called Australia antigen). The virus can persist for long periods (and in asymptomatic carriers), association of integrated virus with hepatocellular carcinoma is now well established. (27 Sep 1997) |
| serum hepatitis virus | The type species of the genus orthohepadnavirus which causes human hepatitis b and is also apparently a causal agent in human hepatocellular carcinoma. The dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum. (12 Dec 1998) |
| equine serum hepatitis | <veterinary> An acute hepatic disease of the horse, often associated with prior administration of biological products; neurologic signs and jaundice are usually prominent signs; aetiology is unknown. Synonym: Theiler's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| active immunization | The production of active immunity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anthrax immunization | A series of six shots over six months and booster shots annually, the anthrax vaccine now in use in the USA was first developed in the 1950s and approved by the Food and Drug Administration for general use in 1970. It is produced by the Michigan Biologic Products Institute of Michigan's Department of Health and is given routinely to veterinarians and others working with livestock. In December, 1997 it was announced that all US military would receive the vaccine, as do the military in the UK and Russia, the reason being concern that anthrax might be used in biologic warfare. (12 Dec 1998) |
| german measles immunization | The standard MMR vaccine is given to prevent measles, mumps and rubella (German measles). The MMR vaccine is now given in two dosages. The first should be given at12-15 months of age. The second vaccination should be given at 4-6 years (or, alternatively, 11-12 years) of age. most colleges require proof of a second measles or MMR vaccination prior to entrance. Most children should receive MMR vaccinations. Exceptions may include children born with an inability to fight off infection, some children with cancer, on treatment with radiation or drugs for cancer, on long term steroids (cortisone). People with severe allergic reactions to eggs or the drug neomycin should probably avoid the MMR vaccine. Pregnant women should wait until after delivery before being immunised with MMR. People with HIV or AIDS should normally receive MMR vaccine. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines may be administered as individual shots, if necessary, or as a measles-rubella combination. (12 Dec 1998) |
| passive immunization | The production of passive immunity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| measles immunization | The standard MMR vaccine is given to prevent measles, mumps and rubella (german measles). The mmr vaccine is now given in two dosages. The first should be given at12-15 months of age. The second vaccination should be given at 4-6 years (or, alternatively, 11-12 years) of age. most colleges require proof of a second measles or mmr vaccination prior to entrance. Most children should receive mmr vaccinations. Exceptions may include children born with an inability to fight off infection, some children with cancer, on treatment with radiation or drugs for cancer, on long term steroids (cortisone). People with severe allergic reactions to eggs or the drug neomycin should probably avoid the mmr vaccine. Pregnant women should wait until after delivery before being immunised with mmr. People with HIV or aids should normally receive mmr vaccine. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines may be administered as individual shots, if necessary, or as a measles-rubella combination. (12 Dec 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|