| 영문 | host | 한글 | 숙주 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 다른 생물(기생체)을 기생시켜, 영양을 공급하는 동물 또는 식물. 마지막의 수주를 종숙주, 발육의 도중에 기생하는 숙주를 중간 숙주라고 한다. 기생동물 중에는 숙주가 특정한 종일 때도 있고 또 많은 기생충과 같이그 발생단계에 따라 많은 종류의 숙주를 필요로 하는 것도 있다. 이 경우 애벌레가 기생하는 숙주를 중간숙주, 성체가 기생하는 숙주를 최종숙주라고 한다. 간질인 경우에는 물고동이 중간숙주이고, 소-양 등은 최종숙주가 된다. 기생식물에는 겨우살이와 같이 졸참나무 등을 숙주로 하여 스스로 광합성을 하면서도 숙주에게서 영양을 얻는 것과, 야고와 같이 생강 등의 뿌리를 숙주로 하여 숙주에게서만 영양을 의존하는 것이 있다. 기생생물에는 이 밖에도 생물의 사체나 그 분해중에 있는 것, 배출물 등을 숙주로 하는 것도 있다. |
||
| 영문 | graft versus host reaction | 한글 | 이식편대 숙주반응 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 면역이란 자신의 것과 자신의 것이 아닌 것을 구분해서 자신의 것이 아닌 것을 공격하여 생물학적 활성을 없애거나 제거하는 것이다. 이 면역은 주로 혈액에 있는 세포에 의해서 이루어진다. 특히 림프구는 이 면역에 중추적인 역할을 하는 세포이다. 이식편대숙주반응이라는 것은 이식되어온 조직에 존재하는 타인의 혈구들이 숙주의 세포를 공격하는 것을 말한다. 즉 이식되어온 조직과 함께 들어온 혈구들이 이식을 받은 사람의 세포를 타인의 것으로 인지해서 공격하는 현상이다. 이것은 이식을 받은 사람의 면역상태가 정상적일 경우에는 일어나지 않는데 왜냐하면 면역상태가 정상일 경우에는 이식되어온 장기와 더불어 들어온 타인의 혈구들을 이식을 받은 사람의 혈구가 타인의 것으로 인지해서 공격을 하고 숫적으로 유리하여 모두 죽일 수가 있기 때문이다. |
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| HCR | heme-controlled repressor; host-cell reactivation; hysterical conversion reaction |
|---|---|
| CR | calculation rate; calculus removed; calorie-restricted; cardiac rehabilitation; cardiac resuscitatio... |
| CNV | choroidal neovascularization; contingent negative variation; cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis |
| CV | cardiac volume; cardiovascular; carotenoid vesicle; cell volume; central venous; cephalic vein; cere... |
| NV | nausea and vomiting; negative variation; neovascularization; next visit; nonveteran; normal value; n... |
| CV | Coefficient of Variation |
|---|---|
| COV | Coefficient of variation |
| CV | coefficient variation |
| CNV | Contingent Negative Variation |
| CFV | cyclic flow variation |
| antigenic variation | The phenomenon of changes in surface antigens in parasitic populations of Trypanosoma and Plasmodium (and some other parasitic protozoa) in order to escape immunological defense mechanisms. at least 100 different surface proteins have been found to appear and disappear during antigenic variation in a clone of trypanosomes. Each antigen is encoded in a separate gene. Antigenic variation is also known to occur in free living Protozoa and certain bacteria. (18 Nov 1997) |
|---|---|
| variation | In genetics, deviation in characters in an individual from those typical of the group to which it belongs, also, deviation in characters of the offspring from those of its parents. (18 Nov 1997) |
| variation (genetics) | The phenotypic differences among individuals in a population. (12 Dec 1998) |
| phase variation | <microbiology> Alteration in the expression of surface antigens by bacteria. For example: Salmonella can express either of two forms of flagellin, H1 and H2, that are coded by different genes. Control of which form is expressed is brought about by inversion of the promoter for the H2 gene, which if functional (noninverted) is associated with the expression of H2 and the production of a repressor of the H1 gene. Inversion occurs about every 1000 bacterial divisions and is under the control of another gene, hin, that is within the invertable sequence. (31 Dec 1997) |
| coefficient of variation | The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. (05 Mar 2000) |
| contingent negative variation | An increasing negative shift of the cortical electrical potentials associated with an anticipated response to an expected stimulus. It is an electrical event indicative of a state of readiness or expectancy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| somaclonal variation | The variation between individuals in a clone, particularly in plant clones. While the objective is usually to grow clones without variation, somaclonal variation does provide the opportunity to generate new plant types that would be harder or impossible to generate by conventional plant breeding. (14 Nov 1997) |
| isotypic variation | <immunology> Variability of antigens common to all members of a species, for example the five classes of immunoglobulins found in humans. See: idiotype and allotype. (18 Nov 1997) |
| observer variation | The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material). (12 Dec 1998) |
| analgesia, patient-controlled | Relief of pain, without loss of consciousness, through an analgesic agent administered by the patient. It has been used successfully to control postoperative pain, during labour, after burns, and in terminal care. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimised by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval). (12 Dec 1998) |
| randomised controlled trial | A clinical trial that involves at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table. Treatment allocations using coin flips, odd-even numbers, patient social security numbers, days of the week, medical record numbers, or other such pseudo- or quasi-random processes, are not truly randomised and a trial employing any of these techniques for patient assignment is designated simply a controlled clinical trial. (12 Dec 1998) |
| randomised controlled trials | Clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table. Treatment allocations using coin flips, odd-even numbers, patient social security numbers, days of the week, medical record numbers, or other such pseudo- or quasi-random processes, are not truly randomised and trials employing any of these techniques for patient assignment are designated simply controlled clinical trials. (12 Dec 1998) |
| patient controlled analgesia | <anaesthetics, procedure> Self-administration of analgesics by a patient instructed in doing so, usually refers to self-dosing with intravenous opioid (for example, morphine) administered by means of a programmable pump. (16 Dec 1997) |
| vocabulary, controlled | A means of access to information (including bibliographic records, factual data, images, collections, etc.) limited to a specified list of terms with a fixed and unalterable meaning, and from which a selection is made when cataloging, indexing, or searching books, journals, and other documents. The control is intended to avoid the scattering of related subjects under different headings. The list may be altered or extended only by the publisher or issuing agency. (12 Dec 1998) |
| research, controlled | The first controlled clinical research was probably done in 1875 by the british naval surgeon james lind who, on board the hms salisbury, gave sailors with scurvy either oranges or lemons or cider or vinegar or nutmeg (or another treatment) and after just six days discovered that the citrus-consuming sailors had recovered from scury, until then the scourge of extended sea voyages, while the sailors who had been given the other treatments remained uncured. (12 Dec 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|