| BMS | Bachelor of Medical Science; betamethasone; biomedical monitoring system; biomedical science; bleomy... |
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| BSN | baccalaureate of science in nursing; Bachelor of Science in Nursing; bowel sounds normal |
| DOS | day of surgery; deoxystreptamine; disk operating system; Doctor of Ocular Science; Doctor of Optical... |
| HARD | hydrocephalus-agyria-retinal dysplasia [syndrome] |
| HARD | +/- E hydrocephalus-agyria-retinal dysplasia plus or minus encephalocele [syndrome] |
| BSN | Bachelor of Science in Nursing |
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| CLS | Clinical Laboratory Science |
| ILSI | International Life Science Institute |
| SCI | Science Citation Index |
| SPSS | Statistical Package for Social Science |
| hard science | A field of scientific study which involves precise measurements of observations and well-defined methods for obtaining and interpreting new knowledge. Chemistry and physics are definitely hard sciences, biology, geology, and astronomy also are usually thought of as hard sciences. Psychology, sociology, and anthropology are not, and are considered soft sciences. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| christian science | A religion discovered by mary baker eddy in 1866 that was organised under the official name of the church of christ, scientist, that derives its teachings from the scriptures as understood by its adherents, and that includes a practice of spiritual healing based upon the teaching that cause and effect are mental, and that sin, sickness, and death will be destroyed by a full understanding of the divine principle of jesus' teaching and healing. (webster, 3d ed) (12 Dec 1998) |
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| cognitive science | The study of the precise nature of different mental tasks and the operations of the brain that enable them to be performed, engaging branches of psychology, computer science, philosophy, and linguistics. (12 Dec 1998) |
| science | The study of the material universe or physical reality in order to understand it. This is done by making observations and collecting data about natural events and conditions, then organising and explaining them with hypotheses, theories, models, laws, and principles. The organised body of knowledge about the material universe which can be verified or tested. A particular branch of either the process of study or the body of knowledge, such as astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. (09 Oct 1997) |
| National Science Foundation | <organisation> A nonregulatory U.S. Federal agency which has oversight of biotechnology research activities that the agency funds. (09 Oct 1997) |
| information science | The field of knowledge, theory, and technology dealing with the collection of facts and figures, and the processes and methods involved in their manipulation, storage, dissemination, publication, and retrieval. It includes the fields of communication, publishing, library science and informatics. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laboratory animal science | The science and technology dealing with the procurement, breeding, care, health, and selection of animals used in biomedical research and testing. (12 Dec 1998) |
| library science | Study of the principles and practices of library administration and services. (12 Dec 1998) |
| palate, hard | The bony part of the roof of the mouth. The hard palate is just in front of the soft palate. (12 Dec 1998) |
| hard | 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. "And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince." (Dryden) "My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself." (Shak) 2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard. 3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. (Shak) 4. So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is hard set". (Sir T. Browne) 5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; as, to run hard. 6. Close or near. "Whose house joined hard to the synagogue." (Acts xviii.7) Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage chimney smokes." . Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. Hard up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard aweather up! Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-working; hard-won. Origin: OE. Harde, AS. Hearde. 1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple. 2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem." "The hard causes they brought unto Moses." (Ex. Xviii. 26) "In which are some things hard to be understood." (2 Peter III. 16) 3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure. 4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful. "The stag was too hard for the horse." (L'Estrange) " A power which will be always too hard for them." (Addison) 5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms. "I never could drive a hard bargain." (Burke) 6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character. 7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style. "Figures harder than even the marble itself." (Dryden) 8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider. 9. (Pron) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc. 10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone. 11. Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the colouring or light and shade. Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See Cancer, Case, etc. Hard clam, or Hard-shelled clam, a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions. Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money. <zoology> Hard oyster, the northern native oyster. Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. Hard rubber. See Rubber. Hard solder. See Solder. Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness.- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.- In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race horses. Synonym: Solid, arduous, powerful, trying, unyielding, stubborn, stern, flinty, unfeeling, harsh, difficult, severe, obdurate, rigid. See Solid, and Arduous. Origin: OE. Heard, AS. Heard; akin to OS. & D. Heard, G. Hart, OHG. Harti, Icel. Harr, Dan. Haard, Sw. Hard, Goth. Hardus, Gr. Strong, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. Kratu strength, to do, make. Gf.Hardy. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| hard cataract | A cataract involving the nucleus. Synonym: hard cataract. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hard chancre | <dermatology> The primary skin lesion of syphilis which begins at the site of infection after an interval of 10-30 days as a papule or red ulcerated skin lesion. (27 Sep 1997) |
| hard corn | The usual form of corn over a toe joint. Synonym: heloma durum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hard grass | <botany> A name given to several different grasses, especially to the Roltbollia incurvata, and to the species of aegilops, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| hard-hearted | Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. Hard"-heartedness. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| hard pad disease | A form of canine distemper characterised by hyperkeratosis of the foot pads and nose. See: canine distemper. (05 Mar 2000) |
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