| 영문 | antihypertensive drug | 한글 | 고혈압약, 항고혈압제 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 고혈압의 치료에 사용하며 높은 혈압을 낮추는 약물을 말한다. 고혈압약에는 혈관평활근에 직접 작용하여 이완시키는 혈관확장제(히드라라진), 교감신경의 활동을 어디선가 차단하는 약물(레세르핀, 메틸도파, 프로프라노롤), 이뇨제(프로세미드, 에타크린산)이 사용된다. |
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| 영문 | antimalarial drug | 한글 | 말라리아약, 항말라리아제 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 말라리아 치료에 쓰는 약. 키니네, 클로로퀸, 프리마퀸 따위가 있다. 말라리아 원충의 발육주기에 대응해서 약물이 있으나 대부분은 병용요법에 따라서 말라리아 치료를 한다. 모기에 의한 포자체감염에 대한 항포자체 약은 독성 등의 문제가 있어서 아직 없다. 적혈구내에서의 환상체, 번식체에만 작용하는 것(항번식체 약은 클로로퀸, 피리메타민, 클로로구아나이드, 키니네)은 적혈구 외의 발육은 억제하지 않으므로 감염을 완전히 저지되지 않는다. 적혈구내외의 원충에 작용해 완전히 감염을 억제하는 것(파마킨, 펜타킨, 프리마킨), 혈중의 생식체를 죽이는 것(대부분의 항말라리아제)은 모기에 의한 타인으로의 전염원은 끊기는데 환자자신의 증상은 변화하지 않는다. |
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| 영문 | drug | 한글 | 약, 약물, 약제 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 병, 기타 병적 상태의 진단, 치료, 예방이나 고통의 경감, 또는 생리적, 병리적 상태를 호전시키는 것을 목적으로 사람 또는 동물에 투여되는 화합물. 약리학에서는 치료약만이 아니라, 생체에 주어졌을 때 어떠한 반응을 나타내는 화학물질 모두를 약물이라고 한다. 작용이 강하고 안전성이 낮은 순서로 독약-극약-보통약으로 구분하고 있다. 약물치료에 영향을 미치는 인자로서, 생체쪽 인자로는 개체차, 연령, 체중 등이 있고, 약물쪽 인자로서는 투여방법, 투여량, 병용되고 있는 다른 약물 등이 있다. 2. 약의 재료가 되는 물질. 3. 여러 가지 약재를 섞어 조제한 약. |
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| 영문 | drug resistance | 한글 | 약물내성 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 화학요법제나 항생물질의 어떤 일정 농도로 세균을 죽이거나 증식저해를 받는 것을 이 화학요법제나 항생물질에 감수성이 있다고 하는데, 이 감수성이 없게 된 생태를 저항성이라든가 내성이라고 말한다. 따라서 변이미생물의 약제에 대한 자항성이라든가 내성이라고 말한다. 2. 의약품을 계속 복용하면 점차 증량하지 않으면 효력이 나타나지 않는 성질. 이러한 때를 약제내성이 생겼다고 한다. 모든 미생물은 감수성을 가지는 약물에 의하여 사멸되지만, 소수의 것은 살아남아 그것이 진화됨으로써 사멸하지 않는 수가 있다. 또, 최초에는 감수성을 가지고 있던 균이 차차 내성균으로 되기도 한다. 많은 병원균은 감수성이 있는 의약품에 대하여 내성이 생긴다. 가장 고도의 내성균이 생기기 쉬운 것은 스트렙토마이신인데 결핵균과 그람음성균에 대하여 쉽게 내성이 생긴다. 페니실린이나 테트라시클린(아크로마이신) 등의 항생물질도 내성이 생기기 쉬우므로, 사용할 때는 적응을 잘 확인하여 필요량을 정하고 연용을 피한다. 같은 효과가 있는 다른 종류의 약제를 소량씩 2, 3종 병용하면 내성의 발생이 크게 억제된다는 것이 알려져 있다. 결핵약으로서 스트렙토마이신과 파스, 또는 이소니아지드를 병용하는 것 등이 그 예이다. |
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| 영문 | drug dependence | 한글 | 약물의존(성) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 어떤 종류의 약물을 반복해서 사용하는 동안 그 약의 사용을 중지할 수 없게 되는 상태. 의존의 정도가 심해지면 약 없이는 생활할 수 없는 상태에 빠지고, 그 결과 법을 어기면서까지 약을 구입하게 된다. 이전에는 약물만성중독, 약물남용, 약물습관성이라는 개념으로 나누어져 있었지만, WHO에서는 이것들을 모두 포함시켜서 약물의존이라 하였다. 상태에 의한 분류라 약물작용에 의한 분류가 있다. 상태에 의한 것은 1.정신적 의존: 약물의 사용을 중지하면 불안감-우울감-초조감 등의 심리적인 증상이 나타나 다시 약물을 찾게 되는 경우. 약을 끊었을 경우에 나타나는 신체증상인 금단증상은 나타나지 않으며, 약물의 지속적 복용에 의해서 점차 약물에 대한 신체의 반응이 줄어드는 현상인 약물의 내성도 나타나지 않는다. 2.신체적 의존: 약물 사용을 중지하면 신체적인 장애, 즉 금단증상을 일으키고 그 고통을 달래기 위해 약물을 찾게 되는 경우이다. 대부분 내성이 나타나는데 개별적으로 나타나는 경우도 있지만 주로 병행해서 나타난다. |
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| DA | dark adaptation; dark agouti [rat]; daunomycin; degenerative arthritis; delayed action; Dental Assis... |
|---|---|
| MMM | see 3-M [syndrome]; microsome-mediated mutagenesis; myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia; myeloscle... |
| qv | as much as you desire [Lat. quantum vis]; which see [Lat. quod vide] |
| r2 | coefficient of determination r see rho |
| SEE | standard error of estimate |
| SEE | Standard Error of Estimate |
|---|---|
| SEE | Standard Error of the Estimate |
| SEE | staphylcoccal enterotoxin E |
| ADAP | AIDS Drug Assistance Program |
| ADE | Adverse Drug Event |
| hallucinogen | <pharmacology> A class of medications (for example LSD, marijuana, peyote, heroin, cocaine) that result in a distorted perception of reality. Often accompanied by hallucinations. (27 Sep 1997) |
|---|---|
| hallucinogenic | A property of a drug or chemical which produces hallucinations or other bizarre aberrations in mental functioning. Synonym: hallucinogenic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| see | 1. To perceive by the eye; to have knowledge of the existence and apparent qualities of by the organs of sight; to behold; to descry; to view. "I will new turn aside, and see this great sight." (Ex. Iii. 3) 2. To perceive by mental vision; to form an idea or conception of; to note with the mind; to observe; to discern; to distinguish; to understand; to comprehend; to ascertain. "Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy brethren." (Gen. Xxxvii. 14) "Jesus saw that he answered discreetly." (Mark xii. 34) "Who 's so gross That seeth not this palpable device?" (Shak) 3. To follow with the eyes, or as with the eyes; to watch; to regard attentivelly; to look after. "I had a mind to see him out, and therefore did not care for centradicting him." (Addison) 4. To have an interview with; especially, to make a call upon; to visit; as, to go to see a friend. "And Samuel came no more to see Saul untill the day of his death." (1 Sam. Xv. 35) 5. To fall in with; to have intercourse or communication with; hence, to have knowledge or experience of; as, to see military service. "Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, and the years wherein we have seen evil." (Ps. Xc. 15) "Verily, verily, I say unto you, if a man keep my saying, he shall never see death." (John viii. 51) "Improvement in visdom and prudence by seeing men." (Locke) 6. To accompany in person; to escort; to wait upon; as, to see one home; to see one aboard the cars. God you (him, or me, etc) see, God keep you (him, me, etc) in his sight; God protect you. To see (anything) out, to see (it) to the end; to be present at, or attend, to the end. To see stars, to see flashes of light, like stars; sometimes the result of concussion of the head. To see (one) through, to help, watch, or guard (one) to the end of a course or an undertaking. Origin: OE. Seen, sen, seon, As. Seon; akin to OFries. Sia, D. Zien, OS. & OHG. Sehan, G. Sehen, Icel. Sja, Sw. Se, Dan. See, Goth. Saihwan, and probably to L. Sequi to follow (and so originally meaning, to follow with the eyes). Gr, Skr. Sac. Cf. Sight, Sun to follow. 1. To have the power of sight, or of perceiving by the proper organs; to possess or employ the sense of vision; as, he sees distinctly. "Whereas I was blind, now I see." (John ix. 25) 2. Figuratively: To have intellectual apprehension; to perceive; to know; to understand; to discern; often followed by a preposition, as through, or into. "For judgment I am come into this world, that they which see not might see; and that they which see might be made blind." (John ix. 39) "Many sagacious persons will find us out, . . . And see through all our fine pretensions." (Tillotson) 3. To be attentive; to take care; to give heed; generally with to; as, to see to the house. "See that ye fall not out by the way." (Gen. Xiv. 24) Let me see, Let us see, are used to express consideration, or to introduce the particular consideration of a subject, or some scheme or calculation. "Cassio's a proper man, let me see now, - To get his place." (Shak) See is sometimes used in the imperative for look, or behold. "See. See! upon the banks of Boyne he stands." To see about a thing, to pay attention to it; to consider it. To see on, to look at. "She was full more blissful on to see." . To see to. To look at; to behold; to view. "An altar by Jordan, a great altar to see to" . To take care about; to look after; as, to see to a fire. 1. A seat; a site; a place where sovereign power is exercised. "Jove laughed on Venus from his sovereign see." (Spenser) 2. Specifically: The seat of episcopal power; a diocese; the jurisdiction of a bishop; as, the see of new York. The seat of an archibishop; a province or jurisdiction of an archibishop; as, an archiepiscopal see. The seat, place, or office of the pope, or Roman pontiff; as, the papal see. The pope or his court at Rome; as, to appeal to the see of Rome. Apostolic see. See Apostolic. Origin: OE. Se, see, OF. Se, sed, sied, fr. L. Sedes a seat, or the kindred sedere to sit. See Sit, and cf. Siege. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| drug-drug interaction | The effects that occur when two or more drugs are used together. Such effects include changes of absorption in the digestive tract, changes in rate of the drugs' breakdown in the liver, new or enhanced side effects and changes in the drugs' activity. (09 Oct 1997) |
| abnormalities, drug-induced | Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| activity, drug | A measure of the physiological response a drug produces in the body. A less active drug produces less response (and visa versa). (12 Dec 1998) |
| addictive drug | Any drug that creates a certain degree of euphoria and has a strong potential for addiction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adverse drug reaction reporting systems | Systems developed for collecting reports from government agencies, manufacturers, hospitals, physicians, and other sources on adverse drug reactions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| akathisia, drug-induced | Motor restlessness with sensations of quivering and an urge to move about constantly resulting from the use of certain drugs, such as neuroleptic drugs, which affect the extrapyramidal region of the brain. This differs from dyskinesia, drug-induced in that long-term antipsychotic drug exposure is significantly correlated with the increased prevalence of akathisia while there is no such correlation with dyskinesia. The primary observable distinction between tardive akathisia and dyskinesia appears to be in the repetitive, stereotypy of the dyskinesic movements (lip smacking, for example), while akathisia is associated with anxiety, restlessness, and agitation (psychomotor agitation). (12 Dec 1998) |
| antineoplastic drug | A drug that stops or slows the maturation and spread of tumour cells (benign or malignant). (09 Oct 1997) |
| maintenance drug therapy | In chemotherapy, systematic dosage at a level that maintains protection against exacerbation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| rational drug design | <pharmacology> Modeling the molecular structure of the target of a drug, for example, an antigen, and then designing a drug that will attack it. (17 Dec 1997) |
| receptors, drug | Proteins that bind specific drugs with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behaviour of cells. Drug receptors are generally thought to be receptors for some endogenous substance not otherwise specified. (12 Dec 1998) |
| recreational drug | A controlled substance taken for non-medical purposes. Street drugs comprise various amphetamines, anaesthetics, barbiturates, opiates, and psychoactive drugs, and many are derived from natural sources (e.g., the plants Papaver somniferum, Cannibis sativa, Amanita pantherina, Lophophora williamsii). Slang names include acid (lysergic acid diethylamide), angel dust (phencyclidine), coke (cocaine), downers (barbiturates), grass (marijuana), hash (concentrated tetrahydrocannibinol), magic mushrooms (psilocybin), mescaline (peyote), speed (amphetamines). During the 1980s, a new class of "designer drugs" arose, mostly analogs of psychoactive substances intended to escape regulation under the Controlled Substances Act. Also, crack cocaine, a potent, smokable form of cocaine, emerged as a major public health problem. In the U.S. Illicit use of drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, and heroin historically has occurred in cycles. Synonym: recreational drug. (05 Mar 2000) |
| peak plasma drug concentration | <pharmacology> The highest level of drug that can be obtained in the blood usually following multiple doses. (09 Oct 1997) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|