| 영문 | fracture | 한글 | 골절 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 강한 외력이 작용하여 뼈가 부분적으로 또는 완전히 이단된 상태. 큰 외력이 일시에 가해질 때는 외상성 골절. 만성적인 가압에 의할 때는 지속골절 또는 피로골절, 병적으로 조직이 침해되어 생기는 것은 병적 골절이라 한다. 골절은 긴통뼈 즉 넙다리뼈나 자뼈 등 외에 납작뼈, 즉 머리뼈 등에도 일어난다. 골절은 그 형상으로 본 선상골절-함몰골절 등과 같은 개방창을 수반하는 것을 개방골절 또는 복잡골절이라 한다. 긴통뼈의 골절은 그 골절단의 관계에서 굴절골절-전단골절-분쇄골절 등으로 구분된다. 골절의 치료는 골절단을 정위치에 접착시켜 양쪽의 골유합이 될 때까지 부동으로 고정시킨다. 긴통뼈로서 강한 근육이 부착되어 있는 부분에 골절이 생기면 이와같은 접착-고정이 쉽지 않기 때문에 여러 가지 방법이 고안-연구되어 왔다. 2. 구강외과적으로는 치아 또는 골조직의 파절이나 골절을 뜻하며, 보철영역에서는 의치나 클래스프의 파손 등을 통칭한다. |
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| FS | factor of safety; Fanconi syndrome; Felty syndrome; fibromyalgia syndrome; field stimulation; Fisher... |
|---|---|
| AFD | accelerated freeze drying; acrofacial dysostosis |
| FD | familial dysautonomia; family doctor; fan douche; fatal dose; fetal danger; fibrin derivative; fibro... |
| QF | quality factor; query fever; quick freeze; relative biological effectiveness |
| Fx | Fracture; 골절(骨折) |
| DFDBA | DEMINERALIZED freeze-dried bone allograft |
|---|---|
| FD | Freeze drying |
| FT | Freeze-thaw |
| FS | freeze substitution |
transverse facial vein
| freeze fracture | Method of specimen preparation for the electron microscope in which rapidly frozen tissue is cracked so as to produce a fracture plane through the specimen. The surface of the fracture plane is then shadowed by heavy metal vapour, strengthened by a carbon film and the underlying specimen is digested away, leaving a replica that can be picked up on a grid and examined in the transmission electron microscope. The great advantage of the method is that the fracture plane tends to pass along the centre of lipid bilayers and it is therefore possible to get en face views of membranes that reveal the pattern of Integral membrane proteins. The E face is the outer lamella of the plasma membrane viewed as if from within the cell, the P face the inner lamella viewed from outside the cell. Fracture planes also often pass along lines of weakness such as the interface between cytoplasm and membrane, so that outer and inner membrane surfaces can be viewed. Further information about the structure can be revealed by freeze etching. Extremely rapid freezing followed by deep etching has allowed the structure of the cytoplasm to be studied without the artefacts that might be introduced by fixation. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| freeze | 1. To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body. Water freezes at 32 deg above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury freezes at 40 deg below zero. 2. To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of animation or life by lack of heat; as, the blood freezes in the veins. To freeze up ( Origin: OE. Fresen, freosen, AS. Freosan; akin to D. Vriezen, OHG. Iosan, G. Frieren, Icel. Frjsa, Sw. Frysa, Dan. Fryse, Goth. Frius cold, frost, and prob. To L. Prurire to itch, E. Prurient, cf. L. Prna a burning coal, pruina hoarfrost, Skr. Prushva ice, prush to spirt. 18. Cf. Frost. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| freeze cleavage | Method of specimen preparation for the electron microscope in which rapidly frozen tissue is cracked so as to produce a fracture plane through the specimen. The surface of the fracture plane is then shadowed by heavy metal vapour, strengthened by a carbon film and the underlying specimen is digested away, leaving a replica that can be picked up on a grid and examined in the transmission electron microscope. The great advantage of the method is that the fracture plane tends to pass along the centre of lipid bilayers and it is therefore possible to get en face views of membranes that reveal the pattern of Integral membrane proteins. The E face is the outer lamella of the plasma membrane viewed as if from within the cell, the P face the inner lamella viewed from outside the cell. Fracture planes also often pass along lines of weakness such as the interface between cytoplasm and membrane, so that outer and inner membrane surfaces can be viewed. Further information about the structure can be revealed by freeze etching. Extremely rapid freezing followed by deep etching has allowed the structure of the cytoplasm to be studied without the artefacts that might be introduced by fixation. (18 Nov 1997) |
| freeze-drying | <technique> Method commonly adopted to produce a dry and stable form of biological material that has not been seriously denatured. By freezing the specimen, often with liquid nitrogen and then subliming water from the specimen under vacuum, proteins are left in reasonably native form and can usually be rehydrated to an active state. Since the freeze dried material will store without refrigeration for long periods, it is a convenient method for holding back up or reference material or for the distribution of antibiotics, vaccines etc. Synonym: lyophilization. (18 Sep 2002) |
| freeze etch | <microscopy, technique> A method of preparing a cell for study by freezing it, cracking it open to reveal the organelles, freeze drying it, then examining it under the electron microscope. (09 Oct 1997) |
| freeze etching | If a freeze fractured specimen is left for any length of time before shadowing, then water will sublime off from the specimen etching (lowering) those surfaces that are not protected by a lipid bilayer. Some etching will take place following any freeze cleavage process, in deep etching the ice surface is substantially lowered to reveal considerable detail of, for example: cytoplasmic filament systems. (18 Nov 1997) |
| freeze fracturing | Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica. (12 Dec 1998) |
| freeze substitution | A modification of the freeze-drying method in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvent at a very low temperature. (12 Dec 1998) |
| apophysial fracture | Separation of apophysis from bone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| articular fracture | A fracture involving the joint surface of a bone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| atlas fracture | <radiology> Incidence: 4% of cervical spine injuries, site: posterior arch, anterior arch, massa lateralis, Jefferson fracture associated with: fractures of C7 (25%), fractures of C2 pedicle (15%), extraspinal fractures (58%) (12 Dec 1998) |
| avulsion fracture | A fracture that occurs when a joint capsule, ligament, or muscle insertion of origin is pulled from the bone as a result of a sprain dislocation or strong contracture of the muscle against resistance; as the soft tissue is pulled away from the bone, a fragment or fragments of the bone may come away with it. (05 Mar 2000) |
| axis fracture | <radiology> Incidence: 6% of cervical spine injuries, associated with atlas fractures in 8%, hyperflexion injury: odontoid fracture, type I avulsion of tip of odontoid (5-8%) difficult to detect, type II fracture through base of dens (54-67%) complication: nonunion, type III subdental injury (30-33%) prognosis: good, Differential diagnosis: os odontoideum, ossiculum terminale, hypoplasia/aplasia of dens, hyperextension injury: hangman's fracture (12 Dec 1998) |
| barton fracture | <radiology> Intra-articular fracture of distal radius, dorsal displacement of separated fragment, due to fall on outstretched hand see: wrist fractures (12 Dec 1998) |
| Barton's fracture | Fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint. (05 Mar 2000) |
| basal skull fracture | <orthopaedics> A fracture involving the base of the cranium. This fracture is often difficult to detect clinically. Findings may include raccoon eyes, Battle's sign, haemotympanum and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. Plain skull X-ray will often not reveal the basal skull fracture, making a CT scan or MRI the most reliable diagnostic investigation. (15 Nov 1997) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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