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freemartin <veterinary, zoology> A condition occurring in dizygotic twins of different sexes in cattle, where an imperfect masculinised sterile female twin calf is born with a male.
This results from twin foetuses of opposite sexes in which the chorionic blood vessels become fused at an early stage of embryonic development, with the result that the hormones of the male twin are conveyed in the circulation to the female twin and influence its sexual development.
Both calves are blood cell chimeras with immune tolerance, due to interchange of cells in utero.
Freemartins are a type of hermaphrodite with underdeveloped uterus, enlarged penis-like clitoris, and, sometimes, structures resembling the ductus deferens and seminal vesicles.
(21 Jun 2000)
freemartinism <veterinary, zoology> A condition occurring in dizygotic twins of different sexes in cattle, where an imperfect masculinised sterile female twin calf is born with a male.
This results from twin foetuses of opposite sexes in which the chorionic blood vessels become fused at an early stage of embryonic development, with the result that the hormones of the male twin are conveyed in the circulation to the female twin and influence its sexual development.
Both calves are blood cell chimeras with immune tolerance, due to interchange of cells in utero.
Freemartins are a type of hermaphrodite with underdeveloped uterus, enlarged penis-like clitoris, and, sometimes, structures resembling the ductus deferens and seminal vesicles.
(21 Jun 2000)
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  • Freemartinism - »õâ A condition occurring in the female offspring of dizygotic twins (TWIN, DIZYGOTIC) in a mixed-sex pregnancy, usually in CATTLE. Freemartinism can occur in other mammals. When placental fusion between the male and the female FETUSES permits the exchange of fetal cells and fetal hormones, TESTICULAR HORMONES from the male fetus can androgenize the female fetus producing a sterile XX/XY chimeric "female"(CHIMERISM).
    Synonyms :
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freemartin a sexually maldeveloped female calf born as a twin to a normal male calf; it is commonly sterile and intersexual as the result of male hormone reaching it through anastomosed placental vessels.
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