| 영문 | radical mastectomy | 한글 | 근치유방절제술 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유방암에 걸렸을 때 유방을 절제하는 수술방법으로, 암에 이환된 유방과 큰가슴(pectoralis major), 작은가슴근(pectoralis minor)과 겨드랑 림프절 등을 모두 절제하는 방법이다. 이 방법을 사용하면, 치료효과에 비해 너무 지나친 환자의 수술후 합병증을 가져오게 되므로 요즘은 중요신경과 작은가슴근을 살리는 변형근치유방절제술(modified radical mastectomy)를 주로 시행한다. |
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| 영문 | toxicity | 한글 | 독성 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 생체에 있어 바람직하지 않은 약물 작용을 말한다. 약물을 과량으로 사용하면 중독을 일으키며, 심한 경우에는 죽음에 이르는데 이는 약물의 급성 독성이다. 만성 독성은 소량을 장기간 반복 섭취하였을 때의 독성이다. 간, 콩팥 등 여러 장기와 조직에 대한 독성 외에, 기형유발성, 발암성 등도 약물독성이다. 약물독성의 강약은 급성 독성검사(LD50), 만성 독성검사, 기형유발검사, 발암검사, 번식검사 기타 여러 동물검사에 의해 판정된다. |
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| 영문 | reaction formation | 한글 | 반동형성, 반응형성 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 억압보다 더 적극적인 방어메커니즘이며, 무의식적인 생각, 소원, 충동이 너무나도 받아들여질 수 없는 것일 경우에 이와는 정반대 방향의 것을 강조함으로써 그런 무의식적인 것들이 의식되지 않게 하는 과정. 예를 들면 가장 가학적인 성격의 사람이 생체해부 반대론자가 되는 경우를 들 수 있다. 이것은 또 가슴 깊이 잠겨있는 두려움이 의식되는 것을 피하기 위해서 두려움의 대상이 되는 행동에 골몰하는 경우도 포함이 된다. 예를 들면, 남자에게 상처받지 않을까 하는 두려움에 가득 찬 소녀가 이 같은 두려움을 부정하려는 수단으로 난잡한 성행위에 골몰하는 경우가 있다. 또 전처의 자녀를 미워하는 계모가 오히려 지나칠 정도로 그 아이를 귀여워하는 일 따위이다. |
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| ECG | Electro-Cardio-Graphy(-Gram); 심전도 = EKG 1. Conducting System Structu... |
|---|---|
| MRF | Markov random field; medical record file; melanocyte-[stimulating hormone]-releasing factor; mesence... |
| RF | radial fiber; radio frequency; receptive field; regurgitant fraction; Reitland-Franklin [unit]; rela... |
| SF | Sabin-Feldman [test]; safety factor; salt-free; scarlet fever; screen film; seminal fluid; serosal f... |
| AFR | aqueous flare response; ascorbic free radical |
| AFR | Ascorbate free radical |
|---|---|
| FR | Free radical |
| OFR | Oxygen free radical |
| FRO | free radical oxidation |
| *OH | of hydroxyl free radical |
| radical, free | In biochemistry, it is a group of atoms bonded together into an entity that is extremely reactive and shortlived. (a free radical is not a political extremist on parole.) (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| free radical | A chemically active atom or molecular fragment containing a chemical charge due to an excess or deficient number of electrons. Radicals seek to receive or release electrons in order to achieve a more stable configuration, a process that can damage the large molecules within cells. See: Oxidation. (09 Oct 1997) |
| free radical reductase | <enzyme> Catalyses conversion of carbon-centreed lipid radicals into an inactive species by utilizing vitamin e at one end and glutathione at the other Registry number: EC 1.8.4.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| free radical scavengers | Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acute toxicity | <pharmacology> Illness resulting from a single dose or exposure to a toxic substance. Compare: chronic toxicity. (06 May 1997) |
| chronic toxicity | <pharmacology> Illness caused by repeated or long-term exposure to low doses of a toxic substance. Compare: acute toxicity. (09 Oct 1997) |
| digitalis toxicity | A result of the over-accumulation of digitalis glycosides in the body. Kidney insufficiency can be a contributing factor. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, visual changes, blurred vision, anorexia and palpitations. Treatment is emergent as life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias are possible with higher blood levels. (27 Sep 1997) |
| digoxin toxicity | A result of the over-accumulation of digitalis glycosides in the body. Kidney insufficiency can be a contributing factor. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, visual changes, blurred vision, anorexia and palpitations. Treatment is emergent as life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias are possible with higher blood levels. (27 Sep 1997) |
| drug toxicity | The systemic effects of a drug that are related to the overall level of the medication in the bloodstream. Drug toxicity may occur with overdosage of a medication, accumulation of the drug in the body over time or the inability of the patients body to eliminate the drug. (27 Sep 1997) |
| oxygen toxicity | A body disturbance resulting from breathing high partial pressures of oxygen; characterised by visual and hearing abnormalities, unusual fatigue while breathing, muscular twitching, anxiety, confusion, incoordination, and convulsions; although the mechanism for development of the condition is obscure, a disruption of enzymatic activity is likely, perhaps as a result of free radical formation. Synonym: oxygen poisoning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| toxicity | The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. (18 Nov 1997) |
| toxicity test | <investigation> Controlled laboratory test to determine the toxicity of a chemical to an organism in terms of specific chemical concentrations. An acute toxicity test establishes the concentration required to kill a predetermined proportion of test organisms within a relatively short period of time, typically 4 days or less. A chronic toxicity test reveals the effects of a sublethal concentration applied throughout all or part of the life cycle. (12 Jan 1998) |
| toxicity tests | Tests that determine the toxicity of a substance. These include tests of clinical drugs, foods, environmental pollutants, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ep toxicity | A test defined by the federal Environmental Protection Agency to check a substance for the presence of arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, or silver. 40 CFR 261.24 defines the concentrations constituting hazardous waste and the test procedure. (05 Dec 1998) |
| Abbe theory of image formation | <optics, physics> Abbe's theory is based on the fact that a non-self-luminous particle, which is illuminated by an extraneous source, gives rise to diffracted light rays, in addition to the dioptric pencil. He stated that to form a good microscopical image as many of the diffracted rays as possible should be intercepted by the objective. With closely ruled lines, his theory is easily demonstrated by observing the back lens of the objective, for here the diffracted rays can be observed directly if the aperture diaphragm is closed. It can be shown that, when the illumination is arranged to exclude the diffracted images, resolution is lost. (11 Mar 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|