| RAIS | reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy |
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| RHEED | reflection high-energy electron diffraction |
| ATR | Attenuated Total Reflection |
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| ATR-FTIR | Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared |
| ATR FT-IR | Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| IRM | Interference reflection microscope |
| LRR | Light reflection rheography |
| equatorial | <astronomy> An instrument consisting of a telescope so mounted as to have two axes of motion at right angles to each other, one of them parallel to the axis of the earth, and each carrying a graduated circle, the one for measuring declination, and the other right ascension, or the hour angle, so that the telescope may be directed, even in the daytime, to any star or other object whose right ascension and declination are known. The motion in right ascension is sometimes communicated by clockwork, so as to keep the object constantly in the field of the telescope. Called also an equatorial telescope. The term equatorial, or equatorial instrument, is sometimes applied to any astronomical instrument which has its principal axis of rotation parallel to the axis of the earth. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| equatorial cleavage | Cleavage in which the plane of cytoplasmic division is at right angles to the axis of the ovum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| equatorial division | Nuclear division in which each chromosome divides equally. (05 Mar 2000) |
| equatorial guinea | A republic in central africa, north of gabon and bounded on the west by the atlantic ocean. Its capital is malabo. Equatorial guinea was discovered by the portuguese in 1491 and ceded to spain in 1778. The country gained independence in 1968. Equatorial refers to its location near the equator in the broad region long known as guinea . (12 Dec 1998) |
| equatorial plane | In metaphase of mitosis, the plane that touches all of the centromeres and their spindle attachments. (05 Mar 2000) |
| equatorial plate | <cell biology> Region of the mitotic spindle where chromosomes are aligned at metaphase: as its name suggests, it lies midway between the poles of the spindle. (06 Mar 1998) |
| equatorial staphyloma | A staphyloma occurring in the area of exit of the vortex veins. Synonym: scleral staphyloma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| angle of reflection | <optics> The angle that a ray reflected from a surface makes with a line drawn perpendicular to this surface. It is equal to the angle of incidence. (05 Mar 2000) |
| reflection | 1. The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected. Specifically: The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. See Angle of reflection, below. "The eye sees not itself, But by reflection, by some other things." (Shak) The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or standard. "By reflection, . . . I would be understood to mean, that notice which the mind takes of its own operations, and the manner of them, by reason whereof there come to be ideas of these operations in the understanding." (Locke) "This delight grows and improves under thought and reflection." (South) 2. Shining; brightness, as of the sun. 3. That which is produced by reflection. Specifically: An image given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart. "As the sun water we can bear, yet not the sun, but his reflection, there." (Dryden) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the reflection of a membrane. Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by truth. "Job's reflections on his once flourishing estate did at the same time afflict and encourage him." (Atterbury) 4. Censure; reproach cast. "He died; and oh! may no reflection shed Its poisonous venom on the royal dead." (Prior) 5. <physiology> The transference of an excitement from one nerve fibre to another by means of the nerve cells, as in reflex action. See Reflex action, under Reflex. Angle of reflection, the angle which anything, as a ray of light, on leaving a reflecting surface, makes with the perpendicular to the surface. Angle of total reflection. <optics> Same as Critical angle, under Critical. Synonym: Meditation, contemplation, rumination, cogitation, consideration, musing, thinking. Origin: Written also reflexion. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| reflection coefficient | A measure of the relative permeability of a particular membrane to a particular solute; calculated as the ratio of observed osmotic pressure to that calculated from van't Hoff's law; also equal to 1 minus the ratio of the effective pore areas available to solute and to solvent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| reflection factor | <microscopy> The ratio of reflected light from a surface to the incident light. This is sometimes called the coefficient of reflection. Unless especially stated it takes into account both specular and diffuse reflection. (05 Aug 1998) |
| reflection X-ray microscopy | <technique> A method of producing enlarged images by means of X rays. In this method the radiation is totally reflected at glancing incidence from polished concave mirrors or from the curved surfaces of single crystals by Bragg reflection. The problem of aberration corrections still limits the resolution obtainable. (05 Aug 1998) |
| grating, reflection | <microscopy> An opaque (metallic) diffraction grating from which incident light is reflected -to form a spectrum, or to act as a micrometric standard for opaque specimens. (05 Aug 1998) |
| interference reflection microscopy | <procedure> An optical technique for detecting the topography of the side of a cell in contact with a planar substrate and for providing information on the separation of the plasmalemma from the substrate. Interference between the reflections from the substrate medium interface and the reflections from the plasmalemma medium interface generate the image. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Fresnel reflection | <microscopy> Process by which radiant flux is reflected from an optically plane boundary between two transparent dielectric materials. (05 Aug 1998) |
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