| B | bias |
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| confounding | 1. A situation in which the effects of two or more processes are not separated; the distortion of the apparent effect of an exposure on risk, brought about by the association with other factors that can influence the outcome. 2. A relationship between the effects of two or more causal factors observed in a set of data, such that it is not logically possible to separate the contribution of any single causal factor to the observed effects. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| confounding factor | <epidemiology> Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study. (03 Jul 1999) |
| bias | <statistics> In a clinical trial, bias refers to effects that a conclusion that may be incorrect as, for example, when a researcher or patient knows what treatment is being given. To avoid bias, a blinded study may be done. Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions. (27 Jun 1999) |
| publication bias | The influence of study results on the chances of publication and the tendency of investigators, reviewers, and editors to submit or accept manuscripts for publication based on the direction or strength of the study findings. Publication bias has an impact on the interpretation of clinical trials and meta-analyses. Bias can be minimised by insistence by editors on high-quality research, thorough literature reviews, acknowledgement of conflicts of interest, modification of peer review practices, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| selection bias | The introduction of error due to systematic differences in the characteristics between those selected and those not selected for a given study. In sampling bias, error is the result of failure to ensure that all members of the reference population have a known chance of selection in the sample. (12 Dec 1998) |
| insurance selection bias | Adverse of favourable selection bias exhibited by insurers or enrollees resulting in disproportionate enrollment of certain groups of people. (12 Dec 1998) |
| internal bias | Applied to the motile behaviour of crawling cells that, in the short term, show persistence and do not behave as true random walkers. Any intrinsic regulation of the random motile behaviour of the cell could be considered as internal bias. (18 Nov 1997) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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