| 영문 | sex chromosome | 한글 | 성염색체 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 암수의 성을 결정하는 데 중요한 구실을 하는 염색체. 이것에 대하여 보통의 염색체를 보통염색체라고 한다. 암수의 구별이 있는 생물에서는 암수에 따라 다른 형과 수를 나타내는 염색체이며, 보통염색체에 비해 염색성이나 행동에서 차이가 있다. 특히 동물의 성염색체는 그런 경향이 강하다. 휴지기 및 핵분열 전기에 뚜렷한 이상응축을 나타내며 감수분열 때는 다른 염색체보다 먼저 앞서거나 끌려가는 행동을 보여준다. |
||
| 영문 | chromosome | 한글 | 염색체 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전정보를 담고 있는 DNA가 모여서 이루는 구조물로 핵속에 위치한다. 세포가 분열할 때 이것을 더욱 뚜렷이 관찰할 수가 있다. 이것은 사람처럼 고등생물체에서 너무나 많은 정보를 담고 있어, 엄청난 길이(사람에 있어서 전 DNA를 길이로 따지면 약 2m가 된다)가 된 DNA를 작은 핵이란 공간속에 보관하기 위해서 만들어진 구조이다. 이 염색체의 수는 생물의 종에 따라 다르며 사람의 경우는 46개이다. |
||
| 영문 | chromosome abnormality | 한글 | 염색체이상 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 염색체의 수나 구조의 이상. 이상이 생긴 세포나 개체는 유전적인 이상을 일으켜 사람의 경우, 다운 증후군-터너 증후군 따위의 여러 가지 형태로 나타난다. |
||
| Xp | paternal chromosome X; short arm of chromosome X |
|---|---|
| FVT | follicular-variant-translocation |
| rcp | reciprocal translocation |
| rob | robertsonian translocation |
| tan | tandem translocation; tangent |
| BT | Bacterial Translocation |
|---|---|
| JT | Jumping translocation |
| MTC | Major Translocation Cluster |
| RT | reciprocal translocation |
| TAT | twin arginine translocation |
| chromosome translocation | <cell biology> The fusion of part of one chromosome onto part of another. Largely sporadic and random, there are some translocations at hot spots that occur often enough to be clinically significant. See: Philadelphia translocation. (18 Nov 1997) |
|---|
| translocation chromosome | An anomalous chromosome generated by translocation. Synonym: translocation chromosome. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| bacterial translocation | The passage of viable bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to extra-intestinal sites, such as the mesenteric lymph node complex, liver, spleen, kidney, and blood. Factors that promote bacterial translocation include overgrowth with gram-negative enteric bacilli, impaired host immune defenses, and injury to the intestinal mucosa resulting in increased intestinal permeability. These mechanisms can act in concert to promote synergistically the systemic spread of indigenous translocating bacteria to cause lethal sepsis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| balanced translocation | <genetics> A number of the chromosomal mutations called translocations, where a segment of DNA abnormally becomes attached to the wrong chromosome, which results in two nonhomologous chromosomes being able to cross over, something which normally can occur only between homologous chromosomes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| gene translocation | The movement of a gene fragment from one chromosomal location to another, which often alters or abolishes expression. (09 Oct 1997) |
| reciprocal translocation | Translocation without demonstrable loss of genetic material. (05 Mar 2000) |
| group translocation | A process of actively importing compounds into the bacterial cell. The compound diffuses into the cell passively, and is immediately modified (for example by phosphorylation) so that it cannot diffuse back out. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Robertsonian translocation | <molecular biology> A special type of nonreciprocal translocation in chromosomes whereby the long arms of two nonhomologous acrocentric chromosomes are attached to a single centromere. The short arms become attached to form a reciprocal structure that however often disappears some divisions after its formation. (17 Dec 1997) |
| translocation | Rearrangement of a chromosome in which a segment is moved from one location to another, either within the same chromosome or to another chromosome. This is sometimes reciprocal, when one fragment is exchanged for another. (18 Nov 1997) |
| translocation carrier | A person with balanced translocation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| translocation (genetics) | A type of aberration characterised by fragmentation of a chromosome and transfer of the broken-off portion to another chromosome, often of a different pair. (12 Dec 1998) |
| unbalanced translocation | <genetics, molecular biology> A genetic translocation that results in the loss of a part of a chromosome or causes other genome damage. (09 Oct 1997) |
| accessory chromosome | A chromosome existing without its normal homologous chromosome; at the reduction division of gametogenesis an accessory chromosome is likely to be included in one daughter cell and not in the other, but may be lost completely by lagging behind on the equatorial plate. Synonym: monosome, odd chromosome, unpaired allosome, unpaired chromosome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acentric chromosome | A fragment of a chromosome lacking a centromere and unable to attach to the mitotic spindle, therefore unable to take part in the division of a nucleus and randomly distributed in daughter cells. Synonym: acentric fragment. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acrocentric chromosome | A chromosome with the centromere placed very close to one end so that the short arm is very small, often with a satellite. (05 Mar 2000) |
| balanced chromosome | <genetics> A chromosome which is unable to pair with its homologue and participate in homologus recombination during meiosis because it contains several inversion mutations (that is, has segments which have become flip-flopped). (09 Oct 1997) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|