| 영문 | ovulation cycle | 한글 | 배란주기 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사춘기가 되어 난소가 뇌하수체전엽으로부터의 생식샘자극호르몬의 작용을 받아 원시난포가 발육하고 성숙난포가 된다. 결국에는 난포벽이 파열되어 과립막세포로 둘러싸인 난자가 복강내로 배출된다(배란). 배란 후 24~96시간으로 과립막세포가 비대증식해서 황체를 형성한다. 수정되지 않은 경우 월경황체는 약 10일간 존속하고 퇴행변성해서 백체가 된다. 황체가 퇴행변성하면 다음의 난포가 성숙한다. 난소에서는 이 주기가 반복되고 있다. |
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| 영문 | division | 한글 | 분열 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 단세포의 개체가 등가인 두 개의 새로운 개체로 나뉘는 것. 분열에는 대상에 따라 염색체-핵-세포분열 등이 있으며, 또 생장점이 분열하는 경우를 생장점 분열, 가지가 나뉘는 경우에는 분지라고 한다. |
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| 영문 | gene | 한글 | 유전자 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전자는 길게 띠를 형성한 DNA분자의 일부분으로 한 가지 물질을 만드는데 필요한 모든 정보를 갖춘 기능적인 단위이다. 예를 들어 인슐린이라는 물질의 유전자라고 하면 사람의 세포내에 있는 긴 DNA 분자 중에서 인슐린이라는 물질을 만드는데 필요한 모든 정보를 가지고 있는 한 부분을 가리키는 말이다. 고전적인 생물학에서는 유전자가 표현형을 결정하거나 지정하는 염색체의 일부분이라고 정의되었지만, 오늘날에는 유전자에 대해서 분자적 정의가 제안되고 있으며 그 정의는 하나의 유전자는 하나의 효소를 결정 또는 암호화하는 유전물질의 일부분이라는 개념으로 이것이 이른바 1개의 유전자 1개 효소가설(one gene-one enzyme hypothesis)이다. 즉 1개의 유전자는 1개의 효소를 제작하는데 필요한 유전정보를 가진다는 것이다. 현재 이 가설이 받아들여지고 있다. |
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| 영문 | gene therapy | 한글 | 유전자요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전병을 치료할 목적으로, 정상적으로 기능하는 단일유전자 혹은 복수유전자를 어떤 기원에서 얻어내어 생세포에 도입하는 것. 유전물질은 유전자삽입 조작에 의해 수용세포에로 도입된다. 즉, 유전자를 끼워 넣은 새로운 세포를 사용하는 치료로서 1980년 미국의 학자가 지중해빈혈환자에게 강행하여 비판을 받았지만, 미국 국립보건연구소는 1990년 9월 아데노신 데아미나아제(adenosine deaminase, ADA) 결핍증 환자의 림프구에 ADA 유전자를 끼워 넣는 치료를 시작한 이래 현재는 암을 포함한 많은 질병들을 치료하는 목적으로 쓰인다. |
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| 영문 | muscle cell(=muscle fiber) | 한글 | 근육세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육은 수의근(의식에 의해서 조절이 가능한 근육: 예를 들어 다리, 팔, 얼굴근육 등)과 불수의근(의식과 무관하게 조절하지 않아도 움직이는 근육: 예를 들어 심장근, 소화기관에 분포하는 근육 등)으로 나누어지며, 근육세포의 모양은 다음과 같다(수의근, 불수의근 외에 심장에 있는 심장근은 불수의근에 해당하지만 그 모양은 수의근과 같아 따로 분류한다).  |
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| ECG | Electro-Cardio-Graphy(-Gram); 심전도 = EKG 1. Conducting System Structu... |
|---|---|
| MC | mass casualties; mast cell; Master of Surgery [Lat. Magister Chirurgiae]; maximum concentration; Med... |
| CDC | calculated date of confinement; cancer diagnosis center; capillary diffusion capacity; cell division... |
| PC | avoirdupois weight [Lat. pondus civile]; packed cells; paper chromatography; paracortex; parent cell... |
| FLC | family life cycle; fatty liver cell; fetal liver cell; Friend leukemia cell |
| cdc | Cell division cycle |
|---|---|
| CDC2 | cell division cycle 2 |
| PCD | Premature centromere division |
| cpd | 1-cycle-per-degree |
| cpm | cycle per minute |
| cell division cycle gene | Genes which control the yeast cell cycle. There are around 50 different genes which do this. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| cell division cycle mutant | A yeast cell which has cell division cycle genes that have mutated to become sensitive to temperature, at certain temperatures (usually high ones), various parts of the normal yeast cell cycle become abnormal, and in some strains the yeast cell does not survive at all. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| cell division | The separation of one cell into two daughter cells, involving both nuclear division (mitosis) and subsequent cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis). (18 Nov 1997) |
| cell division phases | The stages which a cell undergoes when dividing. There are four successive phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell cycle | <cell biology, molecular biology> The sequence of events between mitotic divisions. The cycle is conventionally divided into G0, G1, (G standing for gap), S (synthesis phase during which the DNA is replicated), G2 and M (mitosis). Cells that will not divide again are considered to be in G0 and the transition from G0 to G1 is thought to commit the cell to completing the cycle and dividing. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell cycle proteins | Proteins that control the cell division cycle. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including cyclin-dependent kinases, mitogen-activated kinases, cyclins, and phosphoprotein phosphatases (phosphoprotein phosphatase) as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and transcription factors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell cycle restriction point | <cell biology, molecular biology> A point, late in G1, after which the cell must, normally, proceed through to division at its standard rate. (26 Mar 1998) |
| anterior primary division | <anatomy, nerve> The larger, anterolaterally-directed major terminal branch (with the dorsal primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen. Most ventral primary rami, especially those involved in the innervation of the limbs, participate in the formation of the major nerve plexuses (cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral) and lose their identities. Most in the thoracic region, however, remain separate from adjacent rami to become the intercostal and subcostal nerves. Ventral primary rami provide innervation to the anterolateral body wall and trunk. Nomina Anatomica lists ventral primary rami as "rami ventrales" for each group of spinal nerves: 1) cervical (nervorum cervicalium ), 2) thoracic (nervorum thoracicorum ), 3) lumbar (nervorum lumbalium ), 4) sacral (nervorum sacralium )m, and 5) coccygeal (nervi coccygei ). Synonym: ramus ventralis nervi spinalis, anterior primary division. (05 Mar 2000) |
| reduction division | The first cell division in meiosis, the process by which germ cells are formed. A unique event in which the chromosome number is reduced from diploid (46 chromosomes) to haploid (23 chromosomes). Also called first meiotic division or first meiosis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Remak's nuclear division | <cell biology> An unusual form of nuclear division, in which the nucleus simply constricts, rather like a cell without chromosome condensation or spindle formation. Partitioning of daughter chromosomes is haphazard. Observed in some Protozoa. (18 Nov 1997) |
| meiotic division | A specialised form of nuclear division in which there two successive nuclear divisions (meiosis I and II) without any chromosome replication between them. Each division can be divided into 4 phases similar to those of mitosis pro, meta, ana and telophase). Meiosis reduces the starting number of 4n chromosomes in the parent cell to n in each of the 4 daughter cells. Each cell receives only one of each homologous chromosome pair, with the maternal and paternal chromosomes being distributed randomly between the cells. This is vital for the segregation of genes. During the prophase of meiosis I (classically divided into stages: Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis), homologous chromosomes pair to form bivalents, thus allowing crossing over, the physical exchange of chromatid segments. This results in the recombination of genes. Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes in animals, which are thus haploid and fertilization gives a diploid egg. In plants meiosis leads to the formation of the spore by the sporophyte generation. (18 Nov 1997) |
| cleavage division | The rapid mitotic division of the zygote with decrease in size of individual cells or blastomeres and the formation of a morula. See: cleavage. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mitotic division | <cell biology> A method of indirect division of a cell, consisting of a complex of various processes, by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species. Mitosis, the process by which the body grows and replaces cells, is divided into four phases. 1. Prophase: formation of paired chromosomes, disappearance of nuclear membrane, appearance of the achromatic spindle, formation of polar bodies. 2. Metaphase: arrangement of chromosomes in the equatorial plane of the central spindle to form the monaster. Chromosomes separate into exactly similar halves. 3. Anaphase: the two groups of daughter chromosomes separate and move along the fibres of the central spindle, each toward one of the asters, forming the diaster. 4. Telophase: the daughter chromosomes resolve themselves into a reticulum and the daughter nuclei are formed, the cytoplasm divides, forming two complete daughter cells. NOTE: the term mitosis is used interchangeably with cell division, but strictly speaking it refers to nuclear division, whereas cytokinesis refers to division of the cytoplasm. In some cells, as in many fungi and the fertilized eggs of many insects, nuclear division occurs within the cell unaccompanied by division of the cytoplasm and formation of daughter cells. (13 Nov 1997) |
| multiplicative division | Reproduction by simultaneous division of a mother cell into a number of daughter cells. If the process occurs without fertilization of the mother cell, or encystment, the daughter cells are called merozoites; if they develop within a cyst, and usually after fertilization, they are called sporozoites. (05 Mar 2000) |
| conjugate division | The nuclear division of both haploid nuclei in a dikaryon at the same time (in a dikaryon which has two nuclei). The term is relevant to the biology of fungus. (09 Oct 1997) |
| posterior primary division | <anatomy, nerve> The smaller, posteriorly-directed major terminal branch (with the ventral primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen and turning abruptly posteriorly to divide into lateral and medial branches, both of which will supply the deep (true) muscles of the back. The medial branch (rami medialis ) of the dorsal primary ramus also supplies articular branches to the zygopophyseal joints and the periosteum of the vertebral arch. In the neck and upper back, the medial branch continues through the deep and superficial back muscles to supply overlying skin; in the lower back, the lateral branch does this. Nomina Anatomica lists dorsal primary rami as "rami dorsales" for each group of spinal nerves: 1) cervical (nervorum cervicalium ), 2) thoracic (nervorum thoracicorum ), 3) lumbar (nervorum lumbalium ), 4) sacral (nervorum sacralium ), and 5) coccygeal (nervi coccygei ). Synonym: ramus dorsalis nervorum spinalium, ramus dorsalis, rami posteriores nervorum spinalium, dorsal branch, posterior primary division. (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|