| 영문 | brain death | 한글 | 뇌사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌기능이 완전히 정지되어 회복 불능한 상태. 뇌의 기능에는 대뇌반구의 기능 이외에 뇌간의 기능도 포함된다. 뇌사는 인간의 죽음과 같은 뜻이 아니고, 보통은 뇌사 다음에 죽음이 온다. 심장이식 수술에는 가능한 한 신선한 심장이 필요하기 때문에 심장 제공자의 죽음을 뇌사로 규정하려는 움직임이 있었다. 1968년 8월 세계의사회 총회에서 채택된 장기이식에 관한 선언(시드니 선언)에서는 ① 심장 제공자의 죽음의 판정은 뇌파측정상의 뇌파의 정지(뇌사)로 결정해야 한다. ② 제공자의 죽음을 확인하는데 두명이상의 의사가 입회해야 하며, 뇌사의 결정에 참여한 의사는 이식수술에 관여해서는 안 된다고 했다. 그러나 뇌파측정만으로는 뇌줄기의 기능정지를 판정할 수 없고, 뇌사의 판정도 질병의 종류나 진도에 따라 기준이 달라지므로 판정기준의 검토가 필요하다. 뇌종양-뇌외상-혈행장애 등 뇌질환의 증례에서 보면 ① 깊은 혼수, ② 양쪽 동공의 확대 및 동공의 빛반사와 각막반사의 소실, ③ 호흡의 정지, ④ 뇌파의 평탄화, ⑤ 혈압의 급격한 저하와 그에 따른 저혈압 등 다섯 가지 조건이 6시간 후에도 동일한 상태에 있는 것 등 여섯가지 조건이 판정 기준이 되었었다. 현재는 가장 강력한 동통자극에 대해서도 전혀 아무런 감수성과 반응성을 나타내지 않는 24시간에 걸친 혼수로서, 자발운동 또는 자발호흡이 없고 유발반사가 소실되고 뇌의 전기활동이 없어지는 회복불가능한 의식소실이라고 정의하고 있다. |
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| 영문 | death | 한글 | 사망, 죽음, 사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 생명활동이 정지되어 다시 원상태로 돌아오지 않는 생물의 상태. 삶의 종말을 말한다. 예를 들어 아메바 등의 단세포 생물에서는 2개체로 분열될 때가 죽음이라고 말할 수 있을지 모르나 다세포 생물에 있어서는 세포분열은 단순한 성장의 한 과정이다. 생물은 생식세포를 매개로 생명을 영원히 존속시키는 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 인간을 포함한 고등동물에 한정한다고 하면 죽음이란 그 개체를 구성하는 모든 조직 세포의 생활기능의 정지라고 말할 수 있다. 따라서, 국부적인 한 부분의 생활기능의 정지만으로는 죽음이라고 할 수 없다. 2. 사람이 죽음. 사람의 죽음은 네 개의 측면이 있다. 즉 ① 육체적 죽음(biological death), ② 심리적 죽음(psychological death), ③ 사회적 죽음(social death), ④ 문화적 죽음(culture death)으로 생각할 수 있다. 인간의 일생은 단지 생명의 연장 뿐 아니라 질적 측면에서 심리적, 사회적, 문화적인 충실함이 필요하다. 근년에 의료기술의 눈부신 발달에 따라서 더욱 생활의 질이 중요시되고 있다. 일반적으로 육체적인 죽음의 정의는 모든 생체기능의 영구적 정지. 즉 ① 전체뇌기능, ② 호흡계의 자발기능, ③ 순환계의 자발기능, 이 모든 것의 비가역적으로 정지되었음을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | sudden infant death syndrome | 한글 | 영아급사증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 한 살 이하의 건강한 아기가 아무런 조짐이나 원인 없이 갑자기 사망했을 경우에 내리는 진단이다. 이 증후군은 생후 1~4개월 사이에 가장 많이 발생하며, 대부분 밤 10시에서 오전 10시 사이에 발생한다. 조산하거나 부모가 흡연자일 경우, 20세 이하 산모의 초산, 임신전 건강관리에 소홀한 산모에게서 태어난 영아에게서 많이 발생한다. 이 증후군으로 사망한 영아의 형제일 경우 일반적인 영아보다 걸릴 확률이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. |
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| BD | barbital-dependent; barbiturate dependence; base deficit; base of prism down; basophilic degeneratio... |
|---|---|
| SIDS | Sudden Infant Death Syndrome; 영아 돌연사 증후군 = Crib Death |
| ND | Doctor of Naturopathy; nasal deformity; natural death; Naval Dispensary; neonatal death; neoplastic ... |
| SID | single intradermal [test]; Society for Investigative Dermatology; sucrase-isomaltase deficiency; sud... |
| B/W | Black/White |
| BWSV | Black Widow Spider Venom |
|---|---|
| CB | Carbon black |
| GCB | Graphitized carbon black |
| NZB | New Zealand Black |
| SB B | Sudan Black B |
| Black Death | <disease, organism> Yersinina pestis is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, faculatively anaerobic bacterial species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It causes bubonic plaque, which is transmitted by rodent fleas. Historically known as the Black Plague, this disease devastated Europe and Asia in the 1300s. It still exists today and is characterised by sudden high fever, chills, excessively swollen and tender lymph nodes (buboes), followed by tissue bleeding and gangrene. Other complications include pneumonia and septicaemia. (12 Nov 1997) |
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| death, black | The black plague or the plague. In 14th century Europe, the victims of the black plague had bleeding below the skin (subcutaneous haemorrhage) which made darkened ( blackened ) their bodies. The black death swept recurrently through Europe, killing half its population in the middle of the 14th century. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| attitude to death | Conceptual response of the individual to the various aspects of death, which are based on his psychosocial and cultural experience. (12 Dec 1998) |
| brain death | Total cessation of brain function for 24 hours as manifested by absence of spontaneous movement, absence of spontaneous respiration, and absence of all brainstem reflexes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| rate, death | The number of deaths in the population divided by the average population (or the population at midyear) is the crude death rate. In 1994, for example, the crude death rate per 1,000 population was 8.8 in the united states, 7.1 in Australia, etc. A death rate can also be tabulated according to age or cause. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genetic death | Death of the bearer of a gene at any age before generating living offspring. May be compatible with good health and long life. See: genetic lethal. (05 Mar 2000) |
| maternal death | Death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days after the termination of gestation, irrespective of the duration and site of pregnancy and the cause of death; two periods are recognised in the 42-day interval: period 1 includes day 1 to day 7; period 2 includes day 8 to day 42. Maternal death's are further classified as: (05 Mar 2000) |
| maternal death rate | The number of maternal deaths that occur as the direct result of the reproductive process per 100,000 live births. See: rate. See: maternal death. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cause of death | Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell death | <cell biology> Cells die (nonaccidentally) either when they have completed a fixed number of division cycles (around 60, the Hayflick limit) or at some earlier stage when programmed to do so, as in digit separation in vertebrate limb morphogenesis. Whether this is due to an accumulation of errors or a programmed limit is unclear, some transformed cells have undoubtedly escaped the limit. See: apoptosis. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cerebral death | A clinical syndrome characterised by the permanent loss of cerebral and brain stem function, manifested by absence of responsiveness to external stimuli, absence of cephalic reflexes, and apnea. An isoelectric electroencephalogram for at least 30 minutes in the absence of hypothermia and poisoning by central nervous system depressants supports the diagnosis. Synonym: brain death. (05 Mar 2000) |
| perinatal death | An inclusive term referring to both stillborn infants and neonatal death's. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mitotic death | <cell biology> Cells fatally damaged by ionising radiation may not die until the next mitosis, at which point the radiation damage to the DNA becomes evident, particularly when there is fragmentation of chromosomes. (18 Nov 1997) |
| cot death | <syndrome> May affect infants of any age, but some risk factors have been identified: term infants who have had a life-threatening period of apnoea (not breathing), premature infants of low birth weight, siblings of infants who have succumbed to sudden infant death syndrome and infants of substance abusing mothers. Peak age is at 2.5 months and 4 months, but can range from 1 month to 1 year. High risk infants should have home monitoring done. It is recommended that the less than 4 month old infant should sleep on their back. Synonym: cot death syndrome. Incidence: 2 per 1,000 live births. Acronym: SIDS (27 Sep 1997) |
| crib death | <syndrome> May affect infants of any age, but some risk factors have been identified: term infants who have had a life-threatening period of apnoea (not breathing), premature infants of low birth weight, siblings of infants who have succumbed to sudden infant death syndrome and infants of substance abusing mothers. Peak age is at 2.5 months and 4 months, but can range from 1 month to 1 year. High risk infants should have home monitoring done. It is recommended that the less than 4 month old infant should sleep on their back. Synonym: cot death syndrome. Incidence: 2 per 1,000 live births. Acronym: SIDS (27 Sep 1997) |
| crude death rate | <epidemiology> The number of deaths in a year divided by the population size. (05 Dec 1998) |
| black death |
the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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|---|---|
| black death |
The Black Death (more recently known as the Black Plague) was a devastating pandemic that first struck Europe in the mid-14th century (1347–1350), when it was estimated to have killed about a third of Europe's population. A series of plague epidemics also occurred in large portions of Asia and the Middle East during the same period, which indicates this outbreak was actually a world wide pandemic. ...
출처: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death
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| black death |
The name given in Germany and the North of Europe to an Oriental plague which occurred in the fourteenth century, characterized by inflammatory boils and black spots on the skin, indicating putrid decomposition. In many of its characters this pestilence resembled the present bobo plague, complicated with pneumonia and hemorrhages. [Thomas1875] A form of bubonic plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, that was pandemic throughout Europe and much of Asia in the 14th century. [Heritage]. ...
출처: www.antiquusmorbus.com/English/EnglishB.htm
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| black death |
Or Bubonic Plague which swept across Europe in the years 1348-50. It was the worst scourge humankind has ever known; at least a quarter of the European population was wiped out in the first epidemic of 1348. It began in the ports of Italy, brought in by merchant ships from Black Sea ports, and reached England in the winter of 1348. The disease was transmitted to humans by fleas from black rats, though this wasn't known at the time, the specific organ being Bacillus pestis. ...
출처: www.embassy.org.nz/encycl/b3encyc.htm
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| black death |
bubonic plague. A disease prevalent in the middle ages, buth still occurring in third world ountries, transmitted by fleas from rats.
출처: freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~randyj2222/gendi...
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| black death | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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