| BLP | Bombesin-like peptides |
|---|---|
| CTAP | Connective Tissue Activating Peptides |
| GHRP | Growth hormone releasing peptides |
| MPs | Muramyl peptides |
| SP | Signal peptides |
| bitter peptides | Peptides that have a bitter taste and may spoil certain foods; often contain high proportions of leucyl, valyl, and aromatic amino acid residues. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| amino acids, peptides, and proteins | Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| peptides | Any member of a class of compounds of low molecular weight which yield two or more amino acids on hydrolysis. Formed by loss of water from the nh2 and cooh groups of adjacent amino acids, they are known as di-, tri-, tetra- (etc.) peptides, depending on the number of amino acids in the molecule. Peptides form the constituent parts of proteins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| signal peptides | Additional polypeptide sequence of 25 to 30 residues at the amino-terminal or carboxy-terminal end of proteins. The signal sequence signals the cellular fate or destination of a newly synthesised protein directing it to its ultimate destination in the cell. These leaders are recognised by the signal recognition particle and bound by specific receptor sites on the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. They are then transported into the cisterna of the endoplasmic reticulum and from there directed to their ultimate destination in the cell. In prokaryotes, the signal peptides attach to the plasma membrane. These signal sequences are ultimately removed by specific peptidases. (12 Dec 1998) |
| opioid peptides | The endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity. The three major classes currently recognised are the enkephalins, the dynorphins, and the endorphins. Each of these families derives from different precursors, proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and pro-opiomelanocortin, respectively. There are also at least three classes of opioid receptors, but the peptide families do not map to the receptors in a simple way. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bitter | 1. Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of wormwood or an infusion of hops; as, a bitter medicine; bitter as aloes. 2. Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp; severe; as, a bitter cold day. 3. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to the mind; calamitous; poignant. "It is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the Lord thy God." (Jer. Ii. 19) 4. Characterised by sharpness, severity, or cruelty; harsh; stern; virulent; as, bitter reproach. "Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them." (Col. Iii. 19) 5. Mournful; sad; distressing; painful; pitiable. "The Egyptians . . . Made their lives bitter with hard bondage." (Ex. I. 14) Bitter apple, Bitter cucumber, Bitter gourd. <botany> A name given to two European leguminous herbs, Vicia Orobus and Ervum Ervilia. To the bitter end, to the last extremity, however calamitous. Synonym: Acrid, sharp, harsh, pungent, stinging, cutting, severe, acrimonious. Origin: AS. Biter; akin to Goth. Baitrs, Icel. Bitr, Dan, Sw, D, & G. Bitter, OS. Bittar, fr. Root of E. Bite. See Bite. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| bitter apple | The peeled dried fruit of Citrullus colcynthis (family Cucurbitaceae), an herb of the sandy shores of the Mediterranean, resembling somewhat the watermelon plant; formerly widely used as a cathartic and laxative. Synonym: bitter apple. Origin: G. Kolokynthe, the round gourd or pumpkin (05 Mar 2000) |
| bitter melon | The fruit of a Chinese vine related to the cucumber. Bitter melon has been used as a treatment for diabetes, gastrointestinal complaints, some cancers and viral infections. It most recently has been tried as a treatment against HIV (administered most often by enema). Little information about efficacy or proper use is available. (09 Oct 1997) |
| bitter orange peel | The dried rind of the unripe but fully grown fruit; a flavoring agent. Dried, the dried outer part of the pericarp of the ripe, or nearly ripe, fruit; it contains not less than 2.5% v/w of volatile oil. The outer part of the pericarp of the ripe, or nearly ripe, fruit; used to prepare the tincture and the syrup. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bitter orange peel oil | A volatile oil obtained by expression from the fresh peel of the bitter orange. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bitter principles | A class of plant substances with a bitter taste that produce a reflexive increase in saliva secretion as well as secretion of digestive juices. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bitter tonic | A tonic of bitter taste, such as quinine, gentian, quassia, etc., which acts chiefly by stimulating the appetite and improving digestion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bitter water | A natural mineral water containing Epsom salt. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oil of bitter almond | Volatile oil from the dried ripe kernels of bitter almonds or from other kernels containing amygdalin, such as apricots, peaches, plums and cherries; obtained by steam distillation subsequent to maceration of the source with water. Formerly used as an antipruritic; poisonous-releases hydrocyanic acid (hydrogen cyanide). Only the oil free of hydrogen cyanide may be used to flavor liquors and foods. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oil of bitter orange | Volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the fresh peel of Citrus aurantium (family Rutaceae). Aromatic material used as a flavoring agent in pharmaceuticals and foods and liquors; also used in perfumes. (05 Mar 2000) |
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