| ¿µ¹® | VDRL(venereal disease research laboratory) | ÇÑ±Û | ¼ºº´ ¿¬±¸½ÇÇè½Ç |
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| DW | daily weight; deionized water; dextrose in water; distilled water; doing well; dry weight |
|---|---|
| FDI | first dorsal interosseous [muscle]; International Dental Federation [Federation Dentaire Internation... |
| AFCR | American Federation for Clinical Research |
| DFG | direct forward gaze; German Research Federation [Deutsche Forshungsgemeinschaft] |
| SW | seriously wounded; short waves; sinewave; slow wave; soap and water; social worker; spike wave; spir... |
| w/o/w | Water-in-oil in water |
|---|---|
| FIGO | Federation of Gynaecologist and Obstetricians |
| FIGO | Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics |
| I.F.C.C. | International Federation of Clinical Chemistry |
| COPES | Community Oriented Program Environment Scale |
| retracted publication | Designation of an article or book retracted in whole or in part by an author or authors or an authorised representative. It identifies a citation previously published and now retracted through a formal issuance from the author, publisher, or other authorised agent, and is distinguished from retraction of publication, which identifies the citation retracting the original published item. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| retraction of publication | A statement issued by one or more authors of an article or a book, withdrawing or disavowing acknowledgment of their participation in performing research or writing the results of their study. In indexing, the retraction is sent to the editor of the publication in which the article appeared and is published under the rubric "retraction" or in the form of a letter. This publication type designates the author's statement of retraction: it should be differentiated from retracted publication which labels the retracted publication. (12 Dec 1998) |
| publication bias | The influence of study results on the chances of publication and the tendency of investigators, reviewers, and editors to submit or accept manuscripts for publication based on the direction or strength of the study findings. Publication bias has an impact on the interpretation of clinical trials and meta-analyses. Bias can be minimised by insistence by editors on high-quality research, thorough literature reviews, acknowledgement of conflicts of interest, modification of peer review practices, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| duplicate publication | Simultaneous or successive publishing of identical or near- identical material in two or more different sources without acknowledgment. It differs from reprinted publication in that a reprint cites sources. It differs from plagiarism in that duplicate publication is the product of the same authorship while plagiarism publishes a work or parts of a work of another as one's own. The designation given an article or book of identical or nearly identical material published simultaneously or successively with the material previously published elsewhere, without acknowledgment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| health facility environment | Physical surroundings or conditions of a hospital or other health facility and influence of these factors on patients and staff. (12 Dec 1998) |
| social environment | The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. (12 Dec 1998) |
| isotropic environment | Environments in which the properties are the same at all points and there are no vectorial or axial cues. (18 Nov 1997) |
| environment | <biology, zoology> The sum total of all the conditions and elements which make up the surroundings and influence the development and actions of an individual. (18 Nov 1997) |
| environment and public health | Natural and man-made environments and their impact on public health. (12 Dec 1998) |
| environment, controlled | A state in which the environs of hospitals, laboratories, domestic and animal housing, work places, spacecraft, and other surroundings are under technological control with regard to air conditioning, heating, lighting, humidity, ventilation, and other ambient features. The concept includes control of atmospheric composition. (12 Dec 1998) |
| environment design | The structuring of the environment to permit or promote specific patterns of behaviour. (12 Dec 1998) |
| extraterrestrial environment | <astronomy> The environment outside the earth or its atmosphere. The environment may refer to a closed cabin (such as a space shuttle or space station) or to space itself, the moon, or other planets. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Venereal Disease Research Laboratory | <microbiology> A blood test used to diagnose syphilis. Read as nonreactive or negative if you do not have syphilis. The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory can also be positive is cases of leprosy, malaria, mononucleosis, lupus, hepatitis A and pregnancy. Positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests are usually followed up by a more specific test (FTA antibodies). (12 Jan 1998) |
| Medical Research Council | <organisation> A UK Government funded body to promote the balanced development of medical and related biological research in the United Kingdom. It organises national clinical trials for the assessment of new treatment protocols for leukaemia and some of the related diseases. (05 Jan 1998) |
| research | Careful, a diligent search, a close searching, studious inquiry or examination. (18 Nov 1997) |
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