| William Withering | <person> William Withering, the son and grandson of successful physicians, popularised foxglove (Digitalis purpurea, (fairies thimbles), although its proposal to be used for "the dropsy" (excess body fluid) first appeared in the third London Pharmacopeia in 1677. William Withering was a botanist, chemist, musician (bagpipes, flute, harpsichord), geologist, and a well-to-do busy medical practitioner of Birmingham, England. He was a graduate of the University of Edinburgh. He discovered barium carbonate, which was named Witherite in his honor. He was so very busy that it was necessary for him to travel many nights, so he equipped his carriage with a light, and studied while he rode along the countryside. Once a month he joined E. Darwin, J. Priestley, and J. Watt for dinner and lively discussions. This was called the Lunar Society, and they the learned Lunatics. In 1775, he learned from a "grand old dame" of Shropshire that she had a successful formula mixture of some 20 drugs for the treatment of dropsy. She was unable to differentiate between renal, cardiac, hepatic or cerebral dropsy. Botanist Withering perceived that the recipe had foxglove in it. Withering then undertook a careful study of the effects, administering infusions and powders from the foxglove leaf, stems, and the roots of the plant. After cautioning of the toxicity, he provided quantities of the drug for his fellow physicians to try, but heedless that in their administration quite a number of people were evidently being "poisoned" by it with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, diarrhea, and slow pulse. The drug was temporarily depopularised. So Withering produced his, "An Account of the Fox Glove and Some of its Medical Uses" (1785) to let people know how to properly use it. Withering wrote, "Time will fix the real value upon this discovery, and determine whether I have imposed upon myself and others, or contributed to the benefit of science and mankind." The last 15 years of his life, he suffered frequent episodes of haemoptysis, dyspnoea, and fevers. A friend visited him who related of this celebrated botanist-physician, "The flower of English physicians is indeed Withering." Lived: 1741-1799. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| Withering, William | <person> William Withering, the son and grandson of successful physicians, popularised foxglove (Digitalis purpurea, (fairies thimbles), although its proposal to be used for "the dropsy" (excess body fluid) first appeared in the third London Pharmacopeia in 1677. William Withering was a botanist, chemist, musician (bagpipes, flute, harpsichord), geologist, and a well-to-do busy medical practitioner of Birmingham, England. He was a graduate of the University of Edinburgh. He discovered barium carbonate, which was named Witherite in his honor. He was so very busy that it was necessary for him to travel many nights, so he equipped his carriage with a light, and studied while he rode along the countryside. Once a month he joined E. Darwin, J. Priestley, and J. Watt for dinner and lively discussions. This was called the Lunar Society, and they the learned Lunatics. In 1775, he learned from a "grand old dame" of Shropshire that she had a successful formula mixture of some 20 drugs for the treatment of dropsy. She was unable to differentiate between renal, cardiac, hepatic or cerebral dropsy. Botanist Withering perceived that the recipe had foxglove in it. Withering then undertook a careful study of the effects, administering infusions and powders from the foxglove leaf, stems, and the roots of the plant. After cautioning of the toxicity, he provided quantities of the drug for his fellow physicians to try, but heedless that in their administration quite a number of people were evidently being "poisoned" by it with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, diarrhea, and slow pulse. The drug was temporarily depopularised. So Withering produced his, "An Account of the Fox Glove and Some of its Medical Uses" (1785) to let people know how to properly use it. Withering wrote, "Time will fix the real value upon this discovery, and determine whether I have imposed upon myself and others, or contributed to the benefit of science and mankind." The last 15 years of his life, he suffered frequent episodes of haemoptysis, dyspnoea, and fevers. A friend visited him who related of this celebrated botanist-physician, "The flower of English physicians is indeed Withering." Lived: 1741-1799. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| Adams, Sir William | <person> British surgeon, 1760-1829. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Adie, William J | <person> Australian physician, 1886-1935. See: Adie's pupil, Adie syndrome, Holmes-Adie pupil, Holmes-Adie syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Aston, Francis William | <person, radiobiology> Physicist at Cambridge University who invented the mass spectrometer in 1919, a device which could measure the mass of individual atoms. This device led to his discovery that the helium nucleus was less massive than the two hydrogen nuclei which could have formed it (implying that the missing mass could somehow be converted into energy through the process of nuclear fusion). (09 Oct 1997) |
| Baker, William | <person> English surgeon, 1839-1896. See: Baker's cyst. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Bevan-Lewis, William | <person> English physician and physiologist, 1847-1929. See: Bevan-Lewis cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Bonwill, William | <person> U.S. Dentist, 1833-1899. See: Bonwill triangle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Bowman, Sir William | <person> B. Nantwich, Cheshire, July 20th, 1816. Was a Surgeon and Anatomist. Was Surgeon to Birmingham General Hospital and went to London in 1837. Was elected F.R.S. (1841) and F.R.C.S. (1854) and was appointed Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at King's College, London (1848-1956). Was the leading Opthalmic Surgeon in England. D. At his house, Joldwynds, near Dorking, Mar. 29th, 1892. Bowman's Capsule - surrounding the glomerulus in the kidney. Bowman's Glands - glands in the olfactory mucous membrane. On the structure and use of the Malpighian bodies of the kidney. Phil Trans. 1842. Much of Bowman's best anatomical work is to be found in Robert Todd's Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology. London 1835-1859. Lived: 1816-1892. (05 Dec 1998) |
| Braasch, William | <person> U.S. Urologist, 1878-1975. See: Braasch catheter. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Browning, William | <person> U.S. Anatomist and neurologist, 1855-1941. See: Browning's vein. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Caldwell, William | <person> U.S. Obstetrician, 1880-1943. See: Caldwell-Moloy classification. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Campbell, William | <person> U.S. Surgeon, 1867-1926. See: Campbell's ligament. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Macewen, Sir William | <person> Scottish surgeon, 1848-1924. See: Macewen's sign, Macewen's symptom, Macewen's triangle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gairdner, Sir William | <person> Scottish physician, 1824-1907. See: Gairdner's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Macleod, William Mathieson | <person> British physician, 1911-1977. See: Macleod's syndrome, Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
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