| 영문 | plasmid | 한글 | 플라스미드 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 핵 이외의 세포질 속에 있는 유전자 DNA. 주로 사립체, 색소체 따위의 세포 소기관에서 볼 수 있는 DNA와 플라스미드 DNA를 통틀어 이른다. 세균세포내에서 발견되는 염색체 이외의 자가복제 유전자 구조로서, 세포성장에 필수적이 아닌 여러 가지 기능의 유전자를 가지고 있다. 플라스미드는 숙주의 생존에 필수적인 것은 아니며, 세균염색체와 어느 정도를 관련을 가지며 독자적으로 복제하고, 다양한 형질을 숙주에 부가해, 딸세포에 전달한다. 플라스미드 상에는 복제에 관한 유전자 외에, 약제 내성인자(R인자), 창자관 독소생성, 성결정인자(F인자) 등의 유전자를 갖고 있는 것이 있다. 전달성 플라스미드는 다른 균과의 접합을 유발시켜 자신의 DNA를 전달할 수 있다. 근래 플라스미드는 그 특성을 이용해서 유전공학에 이용될 가능성이 있어서 크게 주목되고 있다. 세균 내의 플라스미드를 세포 밖으로 빼내고 제한효소로 고리를 끊은 뒤, 가령 사람의 인슐린을 만드는데 관여하는 DNA 조각을 이에 끼워 맞춰 다시 세균의 세포 내로 돌려보내 넣어주면 이종의 DNA 조각을 가진 잡종 플라스미드는 정상적으로 증식하고 세균이 분열할 때마다 인슐린을 생성하게 된다. |
||
| F' | a hybrid F plasmid |
|---|---|
| F- | a bacterial cell lacking an F plasmid |
| F+ | a bacterial cell having an F plasmid |
| Ipa | Invasion plasmid antigens |
|---|---|
| pDNA | Plasmid DNA |
| R plasmid | <molecular biology> A plasmid that confers resistance to one or more antibiotics or other poisonous compounds in a bacterium. (17 Dec 1997) |
|---|---|
| R plasmids | Plasmid's carrying genes responsible for antibiotic (or antibacterial drug) resistance among bacteria (notably Enterobacteriaceae); they may be conjugative or nonconjugative plasmid's, the former possessing transfer genes (resistance transfer factor) lacking in the latter. Synonym: R factors, R plasmids, resistance factors, resistance-transferring episomes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| relaxed plasmid | A plasmid that replicatesindependently of the main bacterial chromosome and is present in 10-500 copies per cell. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| RNA plasmid | <molecular biology> DsRNA found in yeasts, also called killer factors. Their nomenclature is uncertain and some scientists consider them viruses. (23 Aug 1998) |
| plasmid | <molecular biology> A small, independently replicating, piece of extrachromosomal cytoplasmic DNA that can be transferred from one organism to another. Linear or circular DNA molecules found in both pro and eukaryotes capable of autonomous replication. Stringent plasmids occur at low copy number in cells, relaxed plasmids at high copy number, ca 10 to 30. Plasmids can become incorporated into the genome of the host or can remain independent. An example is the f factor of E. Coli. May transfer genes and plasmids carrying antibiotic resistant genes can spread this trait rapidly through the population. Described largely from bacteria and protozoa. Some plasmids are capable of integrating into the host genome. A number of artificially constructed plasmids are used as cloning vectors. (14 Oct 1997) |
| conjugative plasmid | Self-transmissible plasmid, a plasmid which encodes all the functions needed for its own intercellular transmission by conjugation. (09 Oct 1997) |
| crown gall plasmid | A plasmid, or type of circular DNA, found in the bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens which infects dicot plants. Part of the plasmid inserts itself into the plant genome and causes tumours to form in the roots or in the stems nearest the roots. The plasmid has been used by geneticists, minus the tumour-causing parts, as a vector towards the genetic engineering of plants. (09 Oct 1997) |
| cryptic plasmid | A plasmid which has no apparent effect on the phenotype of its host cell and has no genes other than the ones needed for itself to replicate and spread to other cells. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid plasmid | <molecular biology> A plasmid (circular DNA molecule) which is composed partly of the DNA of an organisms (or virus's) genome and partly of foreign DNA that has been inserted artificially. (09 Oct 1997) |
| stringent plasmid | <molecular biology> A plasmid that only replicates along with the main bacterial chromosome and is present as a single copy, or at most several copies, per cell. (16 Dec 1997) |
| nonconjugative plasmid | A plasmid that cannot effect conjugation and self-transfer to another bacterium (bacterial strain); transfer depends upon mediation of another (and conjugative) plasmid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| supercoiled plasmid | <molecular biology> The predominant in vivo form of plasmids, in which the plasmid is coiled around histone-like proteins. Supporting proteins are stripped away during extraction from the bacterial cell, causing the plasmid molecule to supercoil around itself in vitro. (19 Jan 1998) |
| infectious plasmid | Self-transmissible plasmid, a plasmid which encodes all the functions needed for its own intercellular transmission by conjugation. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Ti plasmid | <molecular biology> Plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, transferred to higher plant cells in crown gall disease, carrying the T DNA that is incorporated into the plant cell genome. Used as a vector to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells. (18 Nov 1997) |
| transmissible plasmid | Self-transmissible plasmid, a plasmid which encodes all the functions needed for its own intercellular transmission by conjugation. (09 Oct 1997) |
| killer plasmid | <molecular biology> These plasmids are found in some strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus where the cells contain multiple cytoplasmic copies of dsDNA plasmids. Such cells secrete a glycoprotein toxin. The plasmids and the killer function can be transferred to yeast. (18 Nov 1997) |
| F plasmid | The prototype conjugative plasmid associated with conjugation in the K-12 strain of Escherichia coli. Synonym: F agent, F-factor, F genote, F-genote, fertility agent, fertility factor, sex factor. (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|