| 영문 | myosin | 한글 | 굵은근육미세섬유, 미오신 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 골격근 근육섬유 속의 근육원섬유는 굵은 잔섬유와 가는 잔섬유로 이루어지는데, 미오신은 굵은 잔섬유를 구성하는 근단백질의 40% 이상을 차지하는 글로불린 모양의 단백질이다. 거의 불용성에 가까운 젤을 형성하기 때문에 근육의 수축과 이완에 중요한 역할을 한다. 1942년에 센트죄르지가 발견하였다. 굵은 잔섬유는 직경 1~12nm, 길이 1.6μm로, 미오신분자가 중합되어 만들어졌으며, 두 개의 팽창된 머리부분을 갖고 있다. 근절(sarcomere: 근원섬유 중의 섬유 방향의 반복단위)의 굵은 잔섬유는 200~400개의 미오신 분자로 이루어져 있다. 분자량 50만, 길이 160nm, 지름 2nm의 성냥개비 모양의 구조이다. 분자량 21만 5000인 폴리펩티드 두개와 몇 개의 저분자량 단백질로 되어 있는데, 이것들이 올바르게 짝지어져야 비로소 생물활성이 나타나게 된다. |
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| 영문 | Gram stain | 한글 | 그람염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미생물을 염색하는 방법 중의 하나. 1884년 덴마크의 의사 H.C.J. 그람(1853~ 1938)이 고안한 특수 염색법이다. 이 염색법을 사용하면 미생물은 양성균과 음성균의 2무리로 크게 나뉜다. 염색법은 균을 유리면에 바르고 가열 고정한다. 젠시안바이오렛, 크리스탈 바이오렛, 메틸바이오렛 등 파라로즈 아닐린계 색소의 어느 하나를 사용하여 우선 염색하고 이어서 루골액을 작용시킨 뒤, 에탄올 또는 아세톤으로 탈색한다. 이때 탈색되지 않고 보라색을 타나내는 것을 그람양성균이라 부르며, 포도알균-폐렴알균-사슬알균 등이 대표적인 예이다. 탈색되면 그람음성균이라 부르며, 대장균-녹농균 등이 있다. 최후에 사프라닌, 푹신 등 적색계의 색소액으로 후염색을 한다. 미생물의 감별에 중요한 염색법이며 염색성의 차이는 영양요구성, 화학요법제(항생물질 등)에 대한 감수성의 차이와도 관련되는 점이 많으므로 사용약제의 선택시에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 그람양성균과 음성균의 차이는 세균벽의 구조에 있는데, 양성균은 세포막의 바깥쪽 펩티드글리칸이라는 당단백질층의 두께가 20~80nm나 되고, 그램음성균의 펩티드글리칸 층은 2~3nm로 얇고, 다시 바깥쪽에 외막이라 부르는 층이 있다. |
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| AFB Stain | Acid Fast Bacilli Stain |
|---|---|
| HE stain | Hematoxylin-Eosin stain |
| WS | Waardenburg syndrome; ward secretary; Warkany syndrome; Warthin-Starry [stain]; water soluble; water... |
| ATPase | adenosine triphosphatase |
| Na,K-ATPase | sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase |
| PWS | Port Wine Stain |
|---|---|
| ATPase | H(+),K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase |
| BBMI | Brush Border Myosin-I |
| ATPase | Ca(++)-adenosine triphosphatase |
| Ca(2+)-ATPase | Ca(2+)-adenosine 5'-triphosphatase |
| myosin atpase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of myosin ATP in the presence of actin to form myosin ADP and orthophosphate. This reaction is the immediate source of free energy that drives muscle contraction. In the absence of actin, myosin atpase activity is low and requires calcium ions. Chemical name: Myosin ATP phosphohydrolase (actin-translocating) Registry number: EC 3.6.1.32 (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| myosin | <protein> A family of motor ATPases that interact with F actin filaments. An increasing number of different myosins are being described. (See myosin light chains, meromyosin.) Myosin I is a low molecular weight (111-128 kD) form found in protozoa Acanthamoeba and Dictyostelium) that does not self assemble and is found in the cytoplasm as a globular monomeric molecule that can associate with membranes and transport membrane vesicles along microfilaments. Brush border Myosin I is a single headed myosin found in the microvilli of vertebrate intestinal epithelial cells, linking the membrane to the microfilament core. There is a single heavy chain of 119 kD and multiple (3 or 4) calmodulin light chains. The heavy chain has a C terminal domain that binds to acidic phospholipids. Myosin II is the classical sarcomeric myosin that self assembles into bipolar thick filaments. Myosin II is a multimeric protein (440 kD) with two heavy chains (200 kD) and two pairs of light chains (17-22 kD) in each hexamer. Between species and tissues there are considerable variations in the properties of Myosin II (see myosin light chains, meromyosin). Cytoplasmic myosin II is a family of sarcomeric myosin like proteins, also hexameric, responsible for force generation by interaction with microfilaments. There are two heavy chains (up to 240 kD) and two pairs of light chains (15-20 kD), the self assembled filaments are shorter than those of the sarcomere. The MYO2 gene product is an unconventional myosin from yeast involved in polarized secretion. MYO2 may be similar to dilute myosin from mouse and p190 protein from vertebrate brain. Scallop myosin is directly calcium regulated (through regulatory and essential light chains) and is more similar to sarcomeric myosin than to the nonsarcomeric myosins. Smooth muscle myosin has two 200 kD heavy chains, two regulatory 20 kD light chains that can be phosphorylated, altering its binding to the heavy chains which induces a conformational change that renders the myosin active and two 17 kD light chains. (18 Nov 1997) |
| myosin filament | One of the contractile elements in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle fibres; in skeletal muscle, the filament is about 10 nm thick and 1.5 um long. (05 Mar 2000) |
| myosin heavy chain | <protein> See myosin: do not confuse with heavy meromyosin which is a subfragment of the heavy chain of myosin II. (18 Nov 1997) |
| myosin heavy chains | The heavy chains of the muscle protein myosin. Each molecule of myosin is composed of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kD and each heavy chain is associated with a dissimilar pair of light chains. (devlin, textbook of biochemistry: with clinical correlations, 3rd ed, p957) (12 Dec 1998) |
| myosin light chain | <protein> The light chains of the muscle protein myosin. Each molecule of myosin is composed of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains. The light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 kD and there is one dissimilar pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. The proteins all have sequence homology to calmodulin, but not all with calcium binding activity. Several types are known: regulatory light chains (LC 2, DNTB light chains) probably regulate the ATPase activity of the heavy chain directly (through the binding of calcium) or indirectly (activating when they themselves are phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase) and essential light chains (LC 1, LC 3, alkali light chains), which have a more subtle and apparently nonessential role. In molluscan muscle the EDTA light chains (similar to LC 2 from vertebrate muscle) confer calcium sensitivity on the myosin itself. The light chains are "calmodulin-like" proteins that bind calcium. Two of them can be removed easily, and two with difficulty. The light chains bind the heavy chains in the vicinity of the head groups of the myosin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| myosin light chain kinase | <enzyme> An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and calmodulin. The 20-kD light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Chemical name: ATP:myosin-light-chain O-phosphotransferase Registry number: EC 2.7.1.117 (12 Dec 1998) |
| myosin subfragments | Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (papain, trypsin, or chymotrypsin) at well-localised regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin s-1 and myosin s-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chains plus the light chains and s-2 contains part of the double-stranded, alpha-helical, heavy chain tail (myosin rod). (12 Dec 1998) |
| subfragment 1 of myosin | See: S1. (18 Nov 1997) |
| arsenite(antimonate)-stimulated ATPase | <enzyme> Anion pump with 2 polypeptide components (arsa and arsb); arsa is the catalytic subunit of an oxyanion-translocating atpase; arsb protein has been localised in the inner membrane of E coli; arsc protein required for arsenate resistance; reduces arsenate to arsenite Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- Synonym: arsa protein, arsb protein, ars gene product, arsc protein, anion-translocating atpase, arsenical resistance pump, oxyanion pump, arsenate reductase (26 Jun 1999) |
| ATPase | <enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP into ADP and phosphate. (09 Oct 1997) |
| bicarbonate ATPase | <enzyme> Anion sensitive Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- Synonym: hco(3)-atpase, atpase, bicarbonate, cl atpase, atpase, chloride, chloride-bicarbonate atpase, anion-sensitive atpase (26 Jun 1999) |
| cadmium translocating ATPase | <enzyme> Cadmium-efflux atpase; e1,e2-translocating atpase is a generic name which includes all cation-transport atpases; do not confuse with lysine decarboxylase cada Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- Synonym: cada atpase, cd-e1,e2-translocating atpase (26 Jun 1999) |
| calcium ATPase | <enzyme> Usually used of the calcium pumping ATPase present in high concentration as an integral membrane protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle. This pump lowers the cytoplasmic calcium level and causes contraction to stop. Normal function of the pump seems to require a local phospholipid environment from which cholesterol is excluded. (18 Nov 1997) |
| calcium magnesium-atpase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP and is activated by millimolar concentrations of either calcium or magnesium. Unlike calcium-transporting atpase it does not require the second divalent cation for its activity, and is not sensitive to orthovanadate. Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|