| bayes theorem | A theorem in probability theory named for thomas bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihoods of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| Bernoulli's theorem | <physics> When friction is negligible, the velocity of flow of a gas or fluid through a tube is inversely related to its pressure against the side of the tube; i.e., velocity is greatest and pressure lowest at a point of constriction. Synonym: Bernoulli's principle, Bernoulli's theorem. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gibbs' theorem | Substances that lower the surface tension of the pure dispersion medium tend to collect in its surface, whereas substances that raise the surface tension tend to remain out of the surface film. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central limit theorem | The sum (or average) of n realizations of the same process, provided only that it has a finite variance, will approach the gaussian distribution as n becomes indefinitely large. This theory provides a broad warrant for the use of normal theory even for nongaussian data. In the form stated here, it constitutes the classical version; more general versions allow serious relaxation of the usual assumptions. (05 Mar 2000) |
| theorem | 1. That which is considered and established as a principle; hence, sometimes, a rule. "Not theories, but theorems, the intelligible products of contemplation, intellectual objects in the mind, and of and for the mind exclusively." (Coleridge) "By the theorems, Which your polite and terser gallants practice, I re-refine the court, and civilize Their barbarous natures." (Massinger) 2. <mathematics> A statement of a principle to be demonstrated. A theorem is something to be proved, and is thus distinguished from a problem, which is something to be solved. In analysis, the term is sometimes applied to a rule, especially a rule or statement of relations expressed in a formula or by symbols; as, the binomial theorem; Taylor's theorem. See the Note under Proposition. Binomial theorem. <mathematics> A theorem which extends to any quantity without restriction. Origin: L. Theorema, Gr. A sight, speculation, theory, theorem, fr. To look at, a spectator: cf. F. Theoreme. See Theory. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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