| 영문 | musculoskeletal System | 한글 | 근골격계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육과 이들 근육이 붙어서 같이 활동을 수행하는 골격(뼈를 통털어 말함)을 함께 부르는 말. 따라서 여기의 근육은 모두 가로무늬근에 속하며, 수의적으로 움직일 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | arthritis | 한글 | 관절염 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 관절에 일어난 염증. 원인에 따라 화농성-결핵성-매독성 등 감염성과 류마티스에 의한 것, 외상으로 인한 것 등으로 나눈다. 임상상으로는 급성과 만성으로 나뉜다. 1. 급성. ① 장액관절염: 보통 외상에 의해 일어나며 원인불명의 것도 있으나 대개 하나의 관절에만 발생한다. ② 장액섬유소관절염: 급성관절 류마티스 때에 일어나며, 관절강내에 혼탁한 삼출액이 고인다. 섬유소의 거짓막이 생겨 염증이 가라앉아도 심한 운동장애를 남긴다. ③ 화농관절염: 관절의 개방창 또는 임질-성홍열-패혈증 같은 전염병에 다발성을 보인다. 생후 1~2개월의 유아는 뼈가 심하게 상하여 치료할 수 없는 탈구를 일으킨다. 성인에서는 뼈막골수염에 걸려 화농부가 터져 고름이 관절로 들어가는 것이 많으며, 이를 2차화농관절염이라고 한다. 2. 만성. ① 특수염증: 결핵성-매독성 혹은 중년 이후의 남자에 많은 요산의 대사 장애로 인한 통풍성 관절염이 있다. ② 다발관절염: 만성관절 류마티스에 의한 것이 많으며 급성장액관절염에서 이행한 것과 결핵-매독-임질의 경과 중에 볼 수 있는 다발성 및 패혈증의 하나도 있고, 여기에는 스틸병이라는 관절염도 포함된다. ③ 변형골관절염: 뼈나 관절의 노화 또는 외상이 원인이다. ④ 혈우병괄절염: 혈우병을 앓을 때 관절 내의 출혈에 의한 것이다. |
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| 영문 | rheumatoid arthritis | 한글 | 류마티스관절염 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 만성의 관절병으로 보통 여러 관절을 침범하며, 윤활막(관절을 둘러싸고 있으며, 관절의 움직임을 마찰없이 원활하게 수행되도록 함), 관절구조의 염증성 변화와 뼈의 위축과 소모가 두드러진다. 말기에는 변형과 강직이 일어나며 원인은 불명이나 자가면역성 또는 바이러스의 감염에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 치료는 계열의 소염진통제가 사용된다. |
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| NIAMS | National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases |
|---|---|
| ABCDES | abnormal alignment, bones-periarticular osteoporosis, cartilage-joint space loss, deformities, margi... |
| NIADDK | National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases |
| NIAMDD | National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases |
| MS | Maffuci syndrome; maladjustment score; mandibular series; Marfan syndrome; Marie-Strumpell [syndrome... |
| WMSDs | Work-related musculoskeletal disorders |
|---|---|
| ANSI | American National Standard Institute |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute |
| NCI-C | National Cancer Institute of Canada |
| NHLBI | National Heart Lung and Blood Institute |
ascites
acute arthritis
| national institute for occupational safety and health | An institute of the centres for disease control and prevention which is responsible for assuring safe and healthful working conditions and for developing standards of safety and health. Research activities are carried out pertinent to these goals. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| national institute of mental health | A component of the national institutes of health concerned with research, overall planning, promoting, and administering mental health programs and research. (12 Dec 1998) |
| American Law Institute formulation | Used in certain jurisdictions to determine criminal responsibility in legal proceedings. See: criminal insanity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| American Law Institute rule | A test of criminal responsibility (1962): "a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of law." (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculoskeletal | Relating to muscles and to the skeleton, as, for example, the musculoskeletal system. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculoskeletal abnormalities | Congenital structural abnormalities and deformities of the musculoskeletal system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| musculoskeletal diseases | Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively. (12 Dec 1998) |
| musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology | Activities and functions of the musculoskeletal system, the nervous system, and the eye and their parts. (12 Dec 1998) |
| musculoskeletal physiology | Functions and activities of the bones and muscles as a musculoskeletal unit or individually. (12 Dec 1998) |
| musculoskeletal system | All the muscles, bones, and cartilages of the body collectively. (12 Dec 1998) |
| institute | 1. The act of instituting; institution. "Water sanctified by Christ's institute." 2. That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit, or custom. 3. Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or rule, recognised as established and authoritative; usually in the plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; especially, a comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; as, the Institutes of Justinian; Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England. Cf. Digest, "They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy." (Burke) "To make the Stoics' institutes thy own." (Dryden) 4. An institution; a society established for the promotion of learning, art, science, etc.; a college; as, the Institute of Technology; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute; as, the Cooper Institute. 5. The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation. Institutes of medicine, theoretical medicine; that department of medical science which attempts to account philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine. Origin: L. Institutum: cf. F. Institut. See Institute, &. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| institute of medicine | Identifies, for study and analysis, important issues and problems that relate to health and medicine. The institute initiates and conducts studies of national policy and planning for health care and health-related education and research; it also responds to requests from the federal government and other agencies for studies and advice. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bibliography, national | A bibliography which lists all the books and other publications published, or distributed in significant quantity, in a particular country. Sometimes the term is used with respect to the new publications published within a specific period, and sometimes with respect to all those published within a lengthy period of many years. It is also used to indicate a bibliogrpaphy of publications about a country (whether written by its nationals or not) and those written in the language of the country as well as those published in it. (12 Dec 1998) |
| national academy of sciences | A united states organization of distinguished scientists and engineers established for the purpose of investigating and reporting upon any subject of art or science as requested by any department of government. The national research council organised by nas serves as the principal operating agency to stimulate and support research. (12 Dec 1998) |
| National Cancer Information Service | <address, organisation> National Cancer Institute, cancer Information Service, office of Cancer Communications, Building 31, Room 10A24, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 (27 Sep 1997) |
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