| 영문 | diphtheria | 한글 | 디프테리아 |
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| 설명 | 디프테리아균이 기도의 상부에 달라붙어 독소를 발산하여 그 부위의 세포를 파괴하고 그 속에서 증식하면서 독소를 순환혈액 속으로 보내어 심장, 말초신경 등의 원격장기 및 조직의 기능을 저해하는 병을 이르는 말. 이 병을 일으키는 병원체의 정식 명칭은 Corynebacterium diphtheriae인데, 그 병원균이 생산하는 독소가 아주 치명적인 효과를 나타낸다. 사람의 감염에서도 그 독소의 독성이 가장 문제가 되는데 이 독소의 독성은 매우 강하여 독소 0.0001mg으로 제법 큰 쥐를 죽일 수 있다. 상기도로 침입하여 그곳에 하얀색의 거짓막(pseudomembrane)을 형성함으로써 호흡곤란을 일으킨다. 위막은 창백한 빛깔을 띤 두터운 조직인데 죽은 디프테리아균, 독소 때문에 죽은 세포와 그것에 대한 반응으로 제작된 섬유성 물질 등으로 이루어져 있다. 이 조직은 하부조직과 단단히 결부되어 있어서 억지로 박리하면 출혈한다. 이 위막이 인후두에서 기관지에까지 파급되어 호흡곤란을 일으킨다. 성기, 눈, 귀 등이 제1차 병소로 되는 수도 있다. 디프테리아 독소는 세포 속으로 침입하여 세포의 기능을 정지시키는데, 특히 심장근세포와 말초신경에서 장애를 일으키는 예가 많다. 잠복기는 1~7일이며 초기증상은 어느 부위에 위막이 형성되었는지 여부와 그 위막 형성이 어느 정도의 범위에 미치는가에 따라서 결정된다. 디프테리아가 생산하는 독소가 디프테리아가 일으키는 문제 중에서 가장 큰 원인을 차지하고 있으므로 그 독소의 생물학적 기능을 없애는 항체를 만들어서 투여하는 항혈청요법이 시행되어서 치명율은 3~20%로 낮아졌으나 후두를 침범당한 증례의 경우에는 아직도 치사율이 높다. 디프테리아에 대한 예방접종으로 유병자가 줄었으며 치사율도 10분의 1로 줄었다. |
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| NP | nasopharynx, nasopharyngeal; near point; necrotizing pancreatitis; neonatal-perinatal; neuritic plag... |
|---|---|
| NPC | nasopharyngeal carcinoma; near point of convergence; nodal premature contractions; nonparenchymal [l... |
| NPCa | nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| NP | cult nasopharyngeal culture |
| NPF | nasopharyngeal fiberscope; National Parkinson Foundation; National Pharmaceutical Foundation; Nation... |
| JNA | Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas |
|---|---|
| NP | Nasopharyngeal |
| NPA | Nasopharyngeal aspirate |
| NPC | Nasopharyngeal cancer |
| NPS | Nasopharyngeal secretion |
| nasopharyngeal | <anatomy> Of the nasopharnynx or the upper part of the throat behind the nose. (16 Dec 1997) |
|---|---|
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma | <oncology, tumour> This carcinoma, although rare in North America, is one of the commonest malignancies in men from Taiwan and southern China. Hearing loss from middle ear effusion (collection of fluid in the middle ear space), a lump in the neck and a raised lesion on the palate are among the most common findings. (27 Sep 1997) |
| nasopharyngeal culture | <microbiology> A sample of nasopharyngeal secretions are obtained via a swab stick (Q-tip-like) and sent to the lab for bacterial or viral culture. This test is used to identify an organism or virus which is responsible for respiratory disease and can also guide the selection of an effective antibiotic agent. (27 Sep 1997) |
| nasopharyngeal diseases | General or unspecified diseases of the nasopharynx. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nasopharyngeal groove | An indistinct line marking the boundary between the nasal cavities and the nasal part of the pharynx. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis | A grave disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, endemic in southern Mexico and Central and South America, except for the equatorial region of Chile; the organism does not invade the viscera, and the disease is limited to the skin and mucous membranes, the lesions resembling the sores of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. Mexicana or L. Tropica; the chancrous sores heal after a time, but some months or years later, fungating and eroding forms of ulceration may appear on the tongue and buccal or nasal mucosa; many variants of the disease exist, marked by differences in distribution, vector, epidemiology, and pathology, which suggest that it may in fact be caused by a number of closely related aetiological agents. See: espundia. Synonym: American leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis americana, nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis, New World leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nasopharyngeal passage | The posterior part of the nasal cavity from the posterior limits of the conchae to the choanae. Synonym: meatus nasopharyngeus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nasopharyngeal viral culture | <microbiology> A collection of nasopharyngeal secretions for the purpose of incubating a virus for identification. (27 Sep 1997) |
| avian diphtheria | An infection by the fowlpox virus in which tracheal involvement is especially severe. See: fowlpox. Synonym: fowl diphtheria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| calf diphtheria | A necrotic oropharyngolaryngitis of calves associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum infection that may spread to the lungs. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cutaneous diphtheria | An ulcer resulting from infection of the skin by Corynebacterium diphtheriae; systemic manifestations are the same as those of pharyngeal diphtheria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| diagnostic diphtheria toxin | Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin diluted so that the inoculated dose (0.1 or 0.2 ml) will contain 1/50 th of guinea pig minimal lethal dose. See: Schick test. Synonym: diagnostic diphtheria toxin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| diphtheria | <infectious disease> An acute infectious disease caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, acquired by contact with an infected person or a carrier of the disease, which is usually confined to the upper respiratory tract. It is characterised by the formation of a tough membrane (false membrane or pseudomembrane) attached firmly to the underlying tissue that will bleed if forcibly removed. In the most serious infections the membrane begins in the tonsillar (faucial) area on one tonsil and may spread to involve the other tonsil, uvula, soft palate and pharyngeal wall, from where it may extend to the larynx, trachea and bronchial tree and may cause bronchial obstruction and death by hypoxia. Diphtheria also occurs in a cutaneous form and may rarely involve the eyes, middle ear, buccal mucosa, genitalia and umbilical stump, usually secondarily. Systemic effects, chiefly myocarditis and peripheral neuritis, are caused by the exotoxin produced by C. Diphtheriae. Synonym: Bretonneau's angina. Origin: Gr. Diphthera = leather (18 Nov 1997) |
| diphtheria antitoxin | An equine antitoxin against the toxin of corynebacterium diphtheriae, used for the treatment of diphtheria. It is to be differentiated from diphtheria toxoid which is used for the prevention of diphtheria. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diphtheria antitoxin unit | The antitoxin activity of 0.0628 mg standard diphtheria antitoxin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nasopharyngeal diphtheria |
diphtheria that has spread to the nasopharynx.
출처: www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspz...
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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