| 영문 | Gram stain | 한글 | 그람염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미생물을 염색하는 방법 중의 하나. 1884년 덴마크의 의사 H.C.J. 그람(1853~ 1938)이 고안한 특수 염색법이다. 이 염색법을 사용하면 미생물은 양성균과 음성균의 2무리로 크게 나뉜다. 염색법은 균을 유리면에 바르고 가열 고정한다. 젠시안바이오렛, 크리스탈 바이오렛, 메틸바이오렛 등 파라로즈 아닐린계 색소의 어느 하나를 사용하여 우선 염색하고 이어서 루골액을 작용시킨 뒤, 에탄올 또는 아세톤으로 탈색한다. 이때 탈색되지 않고 보라색을 타나내는 것을 그람양성균이라 부르며, 포도알균-폐렴알균-사슬알균 등이 대표적인 예이다. 탈색되면 그람음성균이라 부르며, 대장균-녹농균 등이 있다. 최후에 사프라닌, 푹신 등 적색계의 색소액으로 후염색을 한다. 미생물의 감별에 중요한 염색법이며 염색성의 차이는 영양요구성, 화학요법제(항생물질 등)에 대한 감수성의 차이와도 관련되는 점이 많으므로 사용약제의 선택시에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 그람양성균과 음성균의 차이는 세균벽의 구조에 있는데, 양성균은 세포막의 바깥쪽 펩티드글리칸이라는 당단백질층의 두께가 20~80nm나 되고, 그램음성균의 펩티드글리칸 층은 2~3nm로 얇고, 다시 바깥쪽에 외막이라 부르는 층이 있다. |
||
| AFB Stain | Acid Fast Bacilli Stain |
|---|---|
| HE stain | Hematoxylin-Eosin stain |
| WS | Waardenburg syndrome; ward secretary; Warkany syndrome; Warthin-Starry [stain]; water soluble; water... |
| NAIR | nonadrenergic inhibitory response |
| BSS | Bachelor of Sanitary Science; balanced salt solution; Bernard-Soulier syndrome; black silk suture; b... |
| PWS | Port Wine Stain |
|---|---|
| DMMB | 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue |
| MB | Methylene Blue |
| 10(-5) M | Methylene blue |
| BPW | Buffered Peptone Water |
| basic fuchsin-methylene blue stain | <technique> A stain for intact epoxy sections; semi-thick sections of plastic-embedded tissues have nuclei stained purple; collagen, elastic lamina, and connective tissue are stained blue; mitochondria, myelin, and lipid droplets are stained red; cytoplasm, smooth muscle cells, axoplasm, and chrondroblasts are stained pink. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| carbon monoxide-methylene blue oxidoreductase | <enzyme> Molybdenum-containing iron-sulfur flavoprotein from pseudomonas carboxydovorans; forms carbon dioxide Registry number: EC 1.2.3.- Synonym: cm-mb oxidoreductase, carbon monoxide oxidase (26 Jun 1999) |
| methylene blue | <chemical> Methylthionine chloride; dark green crystals or crystalline powder having a bronze-like luster, readily reduced to colourless leukomethylene blue, which in turn is readily oxidised to methylene blue. Used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator, and administered orally or intravenously in the treatment of congenital methemoglobinaemia and cyanide poisoning. Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, urinary, antidotes, dyes. Chemical name: Phenothiazin-5-ium, 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-, chloride (12 Dec 1998) |
| polychrome methylene blue | An alkaline solution of methylene blue which undergoes progressive oxidative demethylation with aging (ripening) to produce a mixture of methylene blue, azures, and methylene violet; boiling with sodium carbonate or other oxidizing agents accomplishes this result quickly, although it is not as highly regarded. (05 Mar 2000) |
| new methylene blue | A basic thiazin dye, C18H22N3SCl, used for supravital staining of reticulocytes in blood smears. (05 Mar 2000) |
| eosin-methylene blue agar | Agar composed of peptone, lactose, and sucrose and containing eosin and methylene blue, used to distinguish between lactose-fermenting and non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria. Synonym: EMB agar. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Kuhne's methylene blue | Methylene blue in absolute alcohol and phenol solution. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Loeffler's methylene blue | A stain for diphtheria organisms that contains methylene blue in dilute ethanol plus a slight amount of potassium hydroxide; dye solution gives best results when aged to a polychrome state. (05 Mar 2000) |
| buffered | <pharmacology> Refers to pills coated with a special substance that neutralises stomach acid. Drugs are buffered to reduce stomach upset or increase absorption by the intestines. (09 Oct 1997) |
| buffered crystalline penicillin G | Crystalline potassium penicillin G or crystalline sodium penicillin G buffered with not less than 4% and not more than 5% of sodium citrate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| neutral buffered formalin fixative | A general histologic fixative less likely to leave formalin deposits in tissue than formol-saline fixative. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Borrel's blue stain | <technique> A stain for demonstrating spirochetes, treponemes, and Borrelia organisms, using silver oxide (prepared by means of mixing solutions of silver nitrate and sodium bicarbonate) and methylene blue. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Mallory's aniline blue stain | <technique> A method especially suitable for studying connective tissue; sections are stained in acid fuchsin, aniline blue-orange G solution, and phosphotungstic acid; fibrils of collagen are blue, fibroglia, neuroglia, and muscle fibres are red, and fibrils of elastin are pink or yellow. Synonym: Mallory's aniline blue stain, Mallory's triple stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Mann's methyl blue-eosin stain | <technique> A stain useful for anterior pituitary and viral inclusion bodies; a mixture of the two dyes stains alpha cell granules red, beta cell granules dark blue, chromophobes gray to pink, colloid red, erythrocytes orange-red, and collagen fibres blue; this method is also useful for enterochromaffin, goblet, Paneth, and pancreatic islet cells; Negri bodies appear red while their nuclei and central granules are blue. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Perls' Prussian blue stain | <technique> A stain for ferric iron as in haemosiderins, using potassium ferrocyanide in acetic acid or dilute hydrochloric acid followed by a red counterstain such as safranin O or neutral red; various haemosiderins and most mineral irons give a blue-green reaction, while nuclei stain red. (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|