| 영문 | laser | 한글 | 레이저 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation의 약어. 여러 가지 주파수의 빛을 가시역내에서 극도로 강력하고 작은, 거의 발산성이 없는 동일상의 단일 방사광속으로 바꾸는 장치. 1960년 Maiman은 루비결정을 사용하여 레이저를 발생시키는 연구에 성공했다. 물질의 원자는 고유의 스펙트럼선을 갖고 있어, 보통은 낮은 안정된 에너지 수준에 있지만, 이것에 강한 빛을 쪼이면, 이 에너지를 흡수하여 최외각의 전자가 에너지 수준이 높은 궤도로 옮겨간다. 그러나 불안정하기 때문에 곧 원래의 궤도로 돌아가며, 그때 흡수한 에너지와 동등한 광자에너지를 방출한다. 이 광자에너지는 가까이에 있는 원자를 들뜨게 하는데, 이것이 연속적으로 일어나는 것을 유도방출이라고 하며, 원자 고유 파장에서 위상이 똑같은 점이 특징이다. 종류에는 기체, 액체, 고체 레이저가 있다. 치과에서는 고체인 루비와 반도체레이저가 소프트레이저로서 진통용으로 사용되고 있다. 또한 절개용으로서 CO2레이저가, 절개용으로서는 Nd-YAG와 Er-YAG 레이저가 사용되고 있다. |
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| 영문 | laser surgery | 한글 | 레이저수술 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 레이저를 이용한 수술방법. 레이저 광선은 일반적인 전구나 촛불과는 달리 빛이 퍼지지 않고 일정한 방향으로 진행하므로 집광렌즈를 사용하여 광선을 모으면 초점 부위에서 단위면적이 높은 에너지를 얻을 수 있다. 이 에너지가 수분으로 구성된 생물체에 작용하면 순간적으로 수분이 증발하므로 조직이 기화 소멸하게 되는데, 이러한 원리를 수술에 이용하는 것이다. 레이저는 수술칼 대신 조직을 자를 수 있고 조직을 증발시키기도 한다. 레이저수술의 장점은 출혈이 없는 수술이 가능하므로 병터를 정확하게 없앨 수 있고, 구강-후두 등 기능 보존이 필요한 미세수술이 가능하며, 수술 후 염증이 가벼워 통증이 적고 흉터가 적으며 입원기간이 짧거나 필요하지 않을 수도 있다는 점이다. 단점은 수술칼이나 전기메스보다 절개속도가 느리고, 레이저광선이 수술부위 이외의 곳에 닿지 않도록 주의해야 하며, 전신마취를 하는 경우에는 특수한 마취튜브를 사용해야 한다는 점이다. |
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| SLAM | scanning laser acoustic microscope; systemic lupus erythematosus activity measure |
|---|---|
| LDF | laser Doppler flux, laser Doppler fluxometry; limit dilution factor |
| CM | California mastitis [test]; calmodulin; capreomycin; carboxymethyl; cardiac murmur; cardiac muscle; ... |
| FCM | flow cytometry |
| FFC | fixed flexion contracture; fluorescence flow cytometry; free from chlorine |
| LSC | Laser scanning cytometry |
|---|---|
| CLSM | Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope |
| CSLM | Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope |
| LSCM | Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope |
| LSC | Laser Scanning Cytometer |
| cytometry | The counting of cells, especially blood cells, using a cytometer or haemocytometer. Flow cytometry, a method of measuring fluorescence from stained cells that are in suspension and flowing through a narrow orifice, usually in combination with one or two lasers to activate the dyes; used to measure cell size, number, viability, and nucleic acid content with the aid of acridine orange, Kasten's fluorescent Feulgen stain, ethidium bromide, trypan blue, and other selected staining reagents. Synonym: flow cytophotometry. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| cytometry, flow | Analysis of biological material by detection of the light-absorbing or fluorescing properties of cells or subcellular fractions such as chromosomes passing in a narrow stream through a laser beam. Flow cytometry is used with automated sorting devices to sort successive droplets of the stream into different fractions depending on the fluorescence emitted by each droplet. (12 Dec 1998) |
| image cytometry | A technique encompassing morphometry, densitometry, neural networks, and expert systems that has numerous clinical and research applications and is particularly useful in anatomic pathology for the study of malignant lesions. The most common current application of image cytometry is for DNA analysis, followed by quantitation of immunohistochemical staining. (12 Dec 1998) |
| flow cytometry | <technique> Flow cytometry is an emerging technique which holds great promise for the separation, classification and quantitation of blood cells and antibodies which affect blood cells. Complex computerised instruments are used to pass a monocellular stream of cells, platelets or other microscopic particulate elements through a beam of laser light. The cells are categorised first by size and then computer analysed to sort the mixture of cellular elements into cell type by size. Cells are labelled with fluorescent dye and then passed, in suspending medium, through a narrow dropping nozzle so that each cell is in a small droplet. A laser based detector system is used to excite fluorescence and droplets with positively fluorescent cells are given an electric charge. Charged and uncharged droplets are separated as they fall between charged plates and so collect in different tubes. The machine can be used either as an analytical tool, counting the number of labelled cells in a population or to separate the cells for subsequent growth of the selected population. Further sophistication can be built into the system by using a second laser system at right angles to the first to look at a second fluorescent label or to gauge cell size on the basis of light scatter. The great strength of the system is that it looks at large numbers of individual cells and makes possible the separation of populations with, for example: particular surface properties. Tabulation of counted data in conjunction with size analysis enables determination of relative percentages of each specific cellular subset for which monoclonal antibody conjugates are utilised, even when the size of the cell is identical to other subset species. Flow cytometry is a slightly imprecise but common term for the use of the Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorter (FACS). (01 Dec 1998) |
| calorimetry, differential scanning | Differential thermal analysis in which the sample compartment of the apparatus is a differential calorimeter, allowing an exact measure of the heat of transition independent of the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and other variables of the sample. (12 Dec 1998) |
| magnetic resonance scanning | A special imaging technique used to image internal stuctures of the body, particularly the soft tissues. An MRI image is often superior to a normal X-ray image. It uses the influence of a large magnet to polarize hydrogen atoms in the tissues and then monitors the summation of the spinning energies within living cells. Images are very clear and are particularly good for soft tissue, brain and spinal cord, joints and abdomen. These scans may be used for detecting some cancers or for following their progress. Acronym: MRI (11 Nov 1997) |
| ventilation perfusion scanning | <investigation, radiology> A nuclear medicine test that involves the inhalation of a radioactive gas and the injection of a radioactive compound into the bloodstream. A special camera measures the radioactive compound and generates a image of the lungs. Comparisons are made between the images generated. Pulmonary embolism can be diagnosed using this procedure. (12 Jan 1998) |
| vq scanning | A nuclear medicine test that involves the inhalation of a radioactive gas and the injection of a radioactive compound into the bloodstream. A special camera measures the radioactive compound and generates a image of the lungs. Comparisons are made between the images generated. Pulmonary embolism can be diagnosed using this procedure. (27 Sep 1997) |
| microscopy, electron, scanning | Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point, giving the surface image a three-dimensional quality. (12 Dec 1998) |
| microscopy, electron, scanning transmission | A type of electron microscopy which scans with an extremely narrow beam that is transmitted through the sample. The detection apparatus produces an image whose brightness depends on the atomic number of the sample. It should not be confused with microscopy, electron scanning nor with microscopy, electron, transmission (see microscopy, electron). (12 Dec 1998) |
| microscopy, scanning tunneling | Electron microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs, with a lateral resolution often as good as 1-2 angstroms and a vertical resolution of less than 1 angstrom. Due to their composition, biological samples are usually coated with a conductive layer, e.g., by depositing a thin metal or carbon film on top of the sample, to enhance their conductivity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| scanning | The act of imaging by traversing with an active or passive sensing device, often identified by the technology or device employed. (05 Mar 2000) |
| scanning electron microscope | <instrument> An electron microscope in which the image is formed by a beam synchronised with an electron probe scanning the object. The intensity of the image forming beam is proportional to the scattering or secondary emission of the specimen where the probe strikes it (05 Aug 1998) |
| scanning electron microscopy | <procedure> Technique of electron microscopy in which the specimen is coated with heavy metal and then scanned by an electron beam. The image is built up on a monitor screen (in the same way as the raster builds a conventional television image). The resolution is not so great as with transmission electron microscopy, but preparation is easier (often by fixation followed by critical point drying), the depth of focus is relatively enormous, the surface of a specimen can be seen (though not the interior unless the specimen is cracked open) and the image is aesthetically pleasing. (18 Nov 1997) |
| scanning equalization radiography | An electronically enhanced method of radiography in which a small X-ray beam is scanned over the patient while its attenuation is measured, providing feedback to modulate beam intensity in order to equalise average X-ray film exposure. (05 Mar 2000) |
Synonyms : Scanning Cytometry, Laser
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|