| 영문 | Gram stain | 한글 | 그람염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미생물을 염색하는 방법 중의 하나. 1884년 덴마크의 의사 H.C.J. 그람(1853~ 1938)이 고안한 특수 염색법이다. 이 염색법을 사용하면 미생물은 양성균과 음성균의 2무리로 크게 나뉜다. 염색법은 균을 유리면에 바르고 가열 고정한다. 젠시안바이오렛, 크리스탈 바이오렛, 메틸바이오렛 등 파라로즈 아닐린계 색소의 어느 하나를 사용하여 우선 염색하고 이어서 루골액을 작용시킨 뒤, 에탄올 또는 아세톤으로 탈색한다. 이때 탈색되지 않고 보라색을 타나내는 것을 그람양성균이라 부르며, 포도알균-폐렴알균-사슬알균 등이 대표적인 예이다. 탈색되면 그람음성균이라 부르며, 대장균-녹농균 등이 있다. 최후에 사프라닌, 푹신 등 적색계의 색소액으로 후염색을 한다. 미생물의 감별에 중요한 염색법이며 염색성의 차이는 영양요구성, 화학요법제(항생물질 등)에 대한 감수성의 차이와도 관련되는 점이 많으므로 사용약제의 선택시에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 그람양성균과 음성균의 차이는 세균벽의 구조에 있는데, 양성균은 세포막의 바깥쪽 펩티드글리칸이라는 당단백질층의 두께가 20~80nm나 되고, 그램음성균의 펩티드글리칸 층은 2~3nm로 얇고, 다시 바깥쪽에 외막이라 부르는 층이 있다. |
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| AFB Stain | Acid Fast Bacilli Stain |
|---|---|
| HE stain | Hematoxylin-Eosin stain |
| WS | Waardenburg syndrome; ward secretary; Warkany syndrome; Warthin-Starry [stain]; water soluble; water... |
| FA | false aneurysm; Families Anonymous; Fanconi anemia; far advanced; fatty acid; febrile antigen; femor... |
| FAT | family attitudes test; fluorescent antibody technique; fluorescent antibody test |
| PWS | Port Wine Stain |
|---|---|
| GFP | 1-green fluorescent protein |
| DFA | Direct Fluorescent Antibody |
| EGFP | Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein |
| Fl- | Fluorescent |
| Kasten's fluorescent Feulgen stain | <technique> A fluorescent modification of the Feulgen stain, utilizing any one of a variety of fluorescent basic dyes to which SO2 is added; the brilliant fluorescence makes this method unusually sensitive and adaptable to cytofluorometric quantification of DNA. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| Kasten's fluorescent PAS stain | <technique> A fluorescent modification of the periodic acid Schiff stain for polysaccharides which uses one of Kasten's fluorescent Schiff reagents. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Kasten's fluorescent Schiff reagents | Fluorescent analogues of Schiff's reagent which are fluorescent basic dyes lacking acidic side groups and containing one or more primary amine groups; used in cytochemical detection of DNA in Kasten's fluorescent Feulgen stain, polysaccharides in Kasten's fluorescent PAS stain, and proteins in the ninhydrin-Schiff stain; such analogues include acriflavine, auramine O, and flavophosphine N. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Feulgen stain | <technique> A selective cytochemical reaction for DNA in which sections or cells are first hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to produce apurinic acid and then are stained with Schiff's reagent to produce magenta-stained nuclei; generally the concentration of DNA in nucleoli and mitochondria is too low to permit detection by this stain See: Kasten's fluorescent Feulgen stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| auramine O fluorescent stain | <technique> A rapid and accurate technique for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using auramine O-phenol and a methylene blue counterstain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fluorescent stain | <technique> A stain or staining procedure using a fluorescent dye or substance that will combine selectively with certain tissue components and that will then fluoresce upon irradiation with ultraviolet or violet-blue light. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Kasten, Frederick | <person> U.S. Histochemist and cell biologist, *1927. See: Kasten's fluorescent Schiff reagents, Kasten's fluorescent Feulgen stain, Kasten's fluorescent PAS stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Feulgen reaction | <procedure> A specific staining procedure for DNA: mild acid hydrolysis makes the aldehyde group of deoxyribose available to react with Schiff's reagent to give a purple colour. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Feulgen reagent | <chemical> A staining substance which specifically stains DNA. Robert Feulgen, in 1914, used this stain to find out that DNA is the hereditary material in cells. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Feulgen, Robert | <person> German nucleic acid biochemist and cytochemist, 1884-1955. First to detect DNA in cells by a specific cytochemical test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| green fluorescent protein | <protein> A protein found in jellyfish which fluoresces, or glows green visible light when excited by UV light with a wavelength of 395 nanometres. It can function as a biological marker when attached to other proteins. The structure of the protein is cylindrical with the glowing component, an amino acid complex called a fluorophore, in the middle of it. (09 Oct 1997) |
| microscope, fluorescent | A microscope equipped to examine material that fluoresces under ultraviolet (uv) light. (12 Dec 1998) |
| direct fluorescent antibody | The straightforward detection of antigens using fluorescent labelled antigen-specific antibody. Because detection of the antigen in a substrate of patient sample (cellular smear, fluid or patient-inoculated culture medium) is the goal, direct fluorescent antibody is seldom quantitative. (05 Mar 2000) |
| direct fluorescent antibody test | Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (fluorescent antibody technique, direct) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labelled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (fluorescent antibody technique, indirect). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| indirect fluorescent antibody | The detection of antibodies to specific antigenic material in the substrate using fluorescent microscopy. Using fluorescent conjugated antibodies which are specific for a particular isotype of antibody, it is possible to distinguish IgG, IgA and IgM isotypes of specific antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody. This sensitive technique is highly specific in well-trained hands and recent developments in the establishment of internationally recognised standard materials have led to accurate quantitation of antibody concentrations through endpoint titration (the highest serial dilution of specimen at which specific fluorescence remains) and through measuring visual intensity of fluorescence compared to known reference standard material. (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|