| ED | early-decision [applicant]; early differentiation; ectodermal dysplasia; ectopic depolarization; eff... |
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| EMS | early morning specimen; early morning stiffness; electrical muscle stimulation; Electronic Medical S... |
| AJKD | American Journal of Kidney Diseases |
| JOC | Journal of Oncologic Clinical(?) |
| AEM | Academic Emergency Medicine [journal]; analytical electron microscopy; ambulatory electrocardiograph... |
| JAMA | Journal of the American Medical Association |
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| NEJM | New England Journal of Medicine |
| C.A.R. | Central African Republic |
| CR | Czech Republic |
| F.R.G. | Federal Republic of Germany |
| journal article | The predominant publication type for articles and other items indexed for nlm databases. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| republic | 1. Common weal. 2. A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole body of the people, and is exercised by representatives elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. Democracy. In some ancient states called republics the sovereign power was exercised by an hereditary aristocracy or a privileged few, constituting a government now distinctively called an aristocracy. In some there was a division of authority between an aristocracy and the whole body of the people except slaves. No existing republic recognizes an exclusive privilege of any class to govern, or tolerates the institution of slavery. Republic of letters, The collective body of literary or learned men. Origin: F. Republique, L. Respublica commonwealth; res a thing, an affair + publicus, publica, public. See Real, and Public. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| czech republic | Created 1 january 1993 as a result of the division of czechoslovakia into the czech republic and slovakia. (12 Dec 1998) |
| democratic republic of the congo | A republic in central africa, south of the central african republic and north of angola and zambia. Its name changes bespeak its history: 1885-1908 congo free state, 1908-60 belgian congo, 1960-71 democratic republic of the congo, 1971-97 zaire. It changed its name back to democratic republic of the congo in 1997. The name zaire is an alternate name for the congo river from nzai, a kikongo dialect form of nazdi, river. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dominican republic | A republic in the greater antilles in the west indies. Its capital is santo domingo. With haiti, it forms the island of hispaniola - the dominican republic occupying the eastern two thirds, and haiti, the western third. It was created in 1844 after a revolt against the rule of president boyer over the entire island of hispaniola, itself visited by columbus in 1492 and settled the next year. Except for a brief period of annexation to spain (1861-65), it has been independent, though closely associated with the united states. Its name comes from the spanish santo domingo, holy sunday, with reference to its discovery on a sunday. (12 Dec 1998) |
| adenovirus early proteins | <molecular biology, protein, virology> Proteins encoded by adenoviruses that are synthesised prior to, and in the absence of, viral DNA replication. The proteins are involved in both positive and negative regulation of expression in viral and cellular genes, and also affect the stability of viral mRNA. Some are also involved in oncogenic transformation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, immediate-early | Genes that show rapid and transient expression in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for viral genes where immediate-early referred to transcription immediately following virus integration into the host cell. It is also used to describe cellular genes which are expressed immediately after resting cells are stimulated by extracellular signals such as growth factors and neurotransmitters. (12 Dec 1998) |
| history of medicine, early modern | The period of the history of medicine from 1451 through 1600 a.d. History of medicine, 15th cent. And history of medicine, 16th cent. Are also available. (12 Dec 1998) |
| immediate early gene | Class of genes whose expression is low or undetectable in quiescent cells, but whose transcription is activated within minutes after extracellular stimulation such as addition of a growth factor. C fos and c myc proto-oncogenes were among the first IEG's to be identified. Many IEG's encode transcription factors and therefore have a regulatory function. (18 Nov 1997) |
| immediate-early proteins | Proteins that are coded by immediate-early genes, in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for viral regulatory proteins that were synthesised just after viral integration into the host cell. It is also used to describe cellular proteins which are synthesised immediately after the resting cell is stimulated by extracellular signals. (12 Dec 1998) |
| early | 1. In advance of the usual or appointed time; in good season; prior in time; among or near the first; opposed to late; as, the early bird; an early spring; early fruit. "Early and provident fear is the mother of safety." (Burke) "The doorsteps and threshold with the early grass springing up about them." (Hawthorne) 2. Coming in the first part of a period of time, or among the first of successive acts, events, etc. "Seen in life's early morning sky." (Keble) "The forms of its earlier manhood." (Longfellow) "The earliest poem he composed was in his seventeenth summer." (J. C. <philosophy> Shairp) Early English See the Note under English. Early English architecture, the first of the pointed or Gothic styles used in England, succeeding the Norman style in the 12th and 13th centuries. Synonym: Forward, timely, not late, seasonable. Origin: OE. Earlich. See Early. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| early ambulation | Procedure characterised by a shorter period of hospitalization or recumbency or by more rapid mobilization than is normally practiced. (12 Dec 1998) |
| early deceleration | Slowing of the foetal heart rate early in the uterine contraction phase, denoting compression of the foetal head. (05 Mar 2000) |
| early development | An early stage in the life cycle of a bacteriophage (a virus which infects bacteria) that occurs after infection but before replication of the bacteriophage genome. (09 Oct 1997) |
| early diastolic murmur | A murmur that begins with the second heart sound, as the murmur of aortic insufficiency. (05 Mar 2000) |
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