| ¿µ¹® | ovarian cancer | ÇÑ±Û | ³¼Ò¾Ï |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ¿©¼ºÀÇ ³¼Ò¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¾Ï. ºÎÀΰúÁ¾¾çÀ¸·Î¼ 50¼¼ ÀÌ»ó ¿©¼º¾Ç¼ºÁ¾¾çÀÇ ¾à 18%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. Á¾¾çÀº ´ë°³ º¹ºÎ ±í¼÷È÷ À§Ä¡ÇϹǷΠÁ¾¾çÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÈ »óÅ¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ¼ö°¡ ¸¹À¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ Á¾¾çÀÇ Ãʱ⿡´Â Áõ»óÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹¾Æ ´õ¿í Á¶±â¹ß°ßÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¾ÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϸç, ¿¹Èĵµ °¢±â ±× Á¾¾çÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£´Ù. ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¾ÏÀ¸·Î À强³¶»ù¾ÏÁ¾(serous cystadenocarcinoma), Á¡¾×³¶»ù¾ÏÁ¾(mucinous cystadenocarcinoma), Á¾ÀÚ¼¼Æ÷Á¾(germinoma µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¡·á´Â ¼ö¼úÀû Ä¡·á°¡ ¼±ÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸¹ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ¾î ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¸¥ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î ÀüÀ̰¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø »óÅ¿¡¼´Â ÈÇпä¹ýÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | cancer | ÇÑ±Û | ¾Ï |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ³¡¾øÀÌ ºÐ¿À» ÇÏ¿© Ç÷¾×À̳ª ¸²ÇÁ°üÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ Àå±â¿¡±îÁö ÀüÆÄµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ µ¢¾î¸®. Áï ¾Ç¼º ½Å»ý¹°À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ½Å»ý¹°Àº ¾Ç¼º°ú ¾ç¼ºÀÌ Àִµ¥, ¾Ç¼ºÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼ºÀåÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ºü¸£°í Ç÷¾×À̳ª ¸²ÇÁ°üÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ ¸Ö¸® ´Ù¸¥ ¶³¾îÁø Àå±â·Î ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ÀüÆÄ°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ Àå±â¿¡µµ ¾ÏÀ» ÀüÀÌÇϸç, ¾ç¼ºÀº õõÈ÷ ÀÚ¶ó°í ´Ù¸¥°÷À¸·Î ÀüÀ̰¡ »ý±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾ÏÀº ¾ÏÁ¾°ú À°Á¾ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö·Î ³ª´ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÏÁ¾À̶õ »óÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ °úµµÇÑ Áõ½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¼º½Å»ý¹°À» À̸£´Â ¸»À̰í À°Á¾À̶õ ºñ»óÇǼº¼¼Æ÷ ƯÈ÷ Áß°£¿±¼¼Æ÷(¹ß»ý´ç½Ã¿¡ Áß°£¿±¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â Á¶Á÷À¸·Î ¹ß»ýÈÄ¿¡ Á¶Á÷»çÀÌ¿¡ ºÐÆ÷ÇÏ¸é¼ Á¶Á÷À» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °áÇÕÁ¶Á÷, Ç÷°ü, ¸²ÇÁ°ü µîÀÌ µÈ´Ù)ÀÇ °úµµÇÑ Áõ½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¼º ½Å»ý¹°À» À̸£´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | cancer surgery | ÇÑ±Û | ¾Ï ¼ö¼ú |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ¾ÏÀÇ 4´ë Ä¡·á¹ýÀº ¿Ü°úÀû ¼ö¼ú¿ä¹ý, ¹æ»ç¼± Ä¡·á¹ý, Ç×¾Ï ÈÇпä¹ý, ¸é¿ª¿ä¹ý µîÀ» ¸»Çϸç ÀÌÁß ¼ö¼ú¿ä¹ý°ú ¹æ»ç¼± ¿ä¹ýÀº ±¹¼ÒÀû ¿ä¹ýÀ¸·Î¼ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¿ø¹ßÀå±â(óÀ½ ¾ÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ Àå±â)³ª ±¹¼Ò ¸²ÇÁÀý±îÁö ±¹ÇѵǾî ÀÖ´Â Á¦ 1, 2±â ¾ÏÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÈÇпä¹ý°ú ¸é¿ª¿ä¹ýÀº Àü½Å¿ä¹ýÀ¸·Î¼ Á¦ 3, 4±â ¾Ï¿¡ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç, 1, 2±â ¾ÏÀÇ Ä¡·á ÈÄ ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°Ô ³²¾Æ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÜ·ù¾Ï¼¼Æ÷³ª ¹Ì¼¼ÀüÀÌ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÆÄ±«, »ç¸êÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¹éÇ÷º´, ¸²ÇÁÁ¾°ú °°ÀÌ ÈÇпä¹ýÁ¦¿¡ Àß µè´Â Ç÷¾×¾Ï, ¸²ÇÁÁ¾°ú °íȯÁ¾°ú °°ÀÌ ¹æ»ç¼± Ä¡·á¿¡ Àß µè´Â ¾ÏÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °íÇü¾Ï(solid tumor)ÀÎ À§Ã¢ÀÚ°ü¾Ï, °£¾Ï, ÀÌÀÚ¾Ï, À¯¹æ¾Ï, °©»ó»ù¾Ï, Æó¾Ï, Èæ»öÁ¾, ¿¬Á¶Á÷¾Ï, »ÀÀ°Á¾, ħ»ù¾Ï µîÀº ¸ðµÎ ¼ö¼ú¿ä¹ýÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Ï¼ö¼úÀÇ ±âº»¿øÄ¢: ¾Ï¼ö¼úÀÇ 3°¡Áö ±âº»¿ä°ÇÀº ¾ÈÀü¼º, ±ÙÄ¡¼º, ±â´Éº¸Á¸¼ºÀÌ¸ç ¾Ï¼ö¼ú½Ã¿¡´Â ¾Ïº´Å͸¦ µÇµµ·Ï Á¶½ÉÇØ¼ Àû°Ô ¸¸Áö¸é¼ ¼ö¼úÇÏ°í ¾Ïº´Å͸¦ °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â µ¿Á¤¸Æ°ú ¸²ÇÁ°üÀ» ¸ÕÀú °áÂûÇÏ¿© ¾Ïº´ÅͰ¡ ÆÛÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇÑ´Ù. ¾Ï¼ö¼úÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ±ÙÄ¡Àû ÀýÁ¦¼ö¼ú(radical surgery)ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼´Â ÃâÇ÷, Æó»ö, õ°ø µîÀÇ ÇÕº´ÁõÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇßÀ»¶§ ±¸±Þ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ȤÀº Áö¼ÓÀû µ¿ÅëÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¶§ »ýȰ³»¿ëÀÇ ÁúÀû °³¼±À» À§ÇÏ¿© °í½ÄÀû ¼ö¼ú(palliative surgery)À» ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÏÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ Áø´Ü°ú ÁøÇ൵ÀÇ °áÁ¤À» À§ÇÑ Áø´ÜÀû ¼ö¼ú(diagnostic surgery)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | breast cancer | ÇÑ±Û | À¯¹æ¾Ï |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | À¯¹æÀº Áö¹æÁ¶Á÷°ú º»·¡ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀÎ Á£À» »ý»êÇÏ´Â »ùÁ¶Á÷, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ »ùÁ¶Á÷¿¡¼ »ý»êÇÑ Á£À» ¹Û¿¡±îÁö ³»º¸³»´Â °üÁ¶Á÷, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ »ùÁ¶Á÷°ú °üÁ¶Á÷ÀÇ ÁÖÀ§¸¦ µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼ À̰͵éÀÇ ¸ð¾çÀ» À¯ÁöÇØÁÖ´Â °£Áú·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. À¯¹æ¾ÏÀ̶õ »ùÁ¶Á÷°ú °üÁ¶Á÷¿¡¼ ±â¿øÇÏ´Â Á¾¾çÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. À¯¹æ¾ÏÀ» ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À§ÇèÀÎÀÚ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö°¡ ¹àÇôÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±×Áß¿¡¼ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. 1.À¯ÀüÀû ¿äÀΣ°¡Á· Áß¿¡¼ À¯¹æ¾Ï¿¡ °É¸° »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é À¯¹æ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ýÈ®·üÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù. 2.¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ¿¡ Àå±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¹ÀÌ Æø·ÎµÇ´Â °æ¿ì£¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°ÕÀº ¿©¼ºÈ£¸£¸óÀ¸·Î ¿©¼º¿¡¼ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î »ý¸®ÀÇ Áֱ⿡ µû¶ó Áõ°¨À» µÇÇ®ÀÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°ÕÀº À¯¹æÀÇ Á¥»ùÁ¶Á÷°ú °üÁ¶Á÷ÀÇ Áõ½Ä°ú ¼ºÀå¿¡ °ü°èÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ Æø·ÎµÇ´Â »ç¶÷Àº À¯¹æ¾ÏÀÇ È®·üÀÌ ³ô´Ù. ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼ ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°ÕÀÇ Á¦Á¦¸¦ Ä¡·á¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î Åõ¿©ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ À¯¹æ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ýÈ®·üÀº Á¤»óÀο¡¼ º¸´Ù ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ³ºÁö ¾Ê°í Æò»ýÀ» »ç´Â ¿©ÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÓ½ÅÀ» ÇÏ°í ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ³ºÀº ¿©ÀÚ¿¡ ºñÇØ¼ ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ Æø·Î°¡ µÇ¹Ç·Î(ÀӽŽÿ¡´Â ºñÀӽŽú¸´Ù ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ¿¡ Àû°Ô Æø·Î°¡ µÈ´Ù)À¯¹æ¾ÏÀÇ È®·üÀÌ ³ô´Ù. 3.ȯ°æÀû ¿äÀΣÁö¹æÁú ¼·ÃëÀÇ Áõ°¡, ¼úÀÇ ¼·Ãë µîÀº À¯¹æ¾ÏÀÇ È®·üÀ» ³ôÀδÙ. À¯¹æ¾ÏÀÇ Áõ»óÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ¸¹Àº °ÍÀº ¾ÆÇÁÁö ¾ÊÀº À¯¹æÀÇ µ¢¾î¸®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í À¯µÎ¿¡¼ ºÐºñ¹°ÀÌ ³ª¿À°Å³ª, À¯¹æÀÇ ÇǺκ¯È µîÀÌ À¯¹æ¾ÏÀÇ ÈçÇÑ Áõ»óÀÌ´Ù. Ä¡·á´Â À¯¹æÀÇ ÀýÁ¦¼úÀÌ °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ Ä¡·á¹ýÀ¸·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í À̰Ϳ¡ ´õÇÏ¿© ¹æ»ç¼± Ä¡·á³ª Ç×¾ÏÁ¦¿ä¹ýµµ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°ÕÀÇ °úÀ×°ú °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¾¾çÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°ÕÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ Â÷´ÜÇÏ´Â ¾à¹°µµ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | cervix cancer | ÇÑ±Û | Àڱøñ¾Ï, ÀڱðæºÎ¾Ï |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ÀÚ±ÃÀÇ ¸ñÀº ÀÚ±ÃÀÌ Áú°ú ¿¬°áµÈ ºÎÀ§·Î ÀÚ±ÃÀÇ ÀÔ±¸¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎÀ§ÀÌ´Ù. À̰÷ÀÇ »óÇǼ¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¾ÏÀ» Àڱøñ¾ÏÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. Àڱøñ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀ» »ìÆìº¸¸é ÀڱøñÀÇ »óÇǼ¼Æ÷°¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Àڱؿ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷¿Í Â÷À̳ª´Â ¾Ï¼ºº¯È¸¦ ÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷°¡ »ý±â°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾Ï¼ºº¯È¸¦ ÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷´Â óÀ½¿¡´Â ÀڱøñÀÇ »óÇǼ¼Æ÷ÃþÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯´Ù°¡ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÁøÇàÀÌ µÇ¸é ¾Ï¼º¼¼Æ÷°¡ Àڱøñ »óÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÃþÀ» ²Ëä¿ì°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °è¼Ó ÁøÇàÇÏ¸é »óÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¸Ç ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù´Ú¸·À» ¶Õ°í ¹öÆÀÁ¶Á÷À¸·Î ħÀ±ÇØ µé¾î°¡°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¾Ï¼ºº¯È¸¦ ÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ÀÚ±ÃÀÇ »óÇÇÃþÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ä¿ì´Â °ÍÀ» ÀڱøñÇü¼ºÀÌ»ó(cervical dysplasia)¶ó°í ÇÏ°í ¾Ï¼ºº¯È¸¦ ÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ÀÚ±ÃÀÇ »óÇÇÃþÀ» ¸ðµÎ ä¿ö¹ö·Á Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ »óÇdz»¾ÏÁ¾(carcinoma in situ)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ù´Ú¸·À» ¶Õ°í ¹ØÀÇ ¹öÆÀÁ¶Á÷À¸·Î ħ¹üÇØ ³ª°¡´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ ħÀ±¾Ï(invasive cancer)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. Àڱøñ¾ÏÀº ¿©·¯ ¸íÀÇ »ó´ë¿Í ¼º°ü°è¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¿©ÀÚ, ±×¸®°í ù ¼º°æÇèÀÇ ³ªÀ̰¡ ¾î¸° ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼ ÈçÇÏ°í ¶Ç »çȸÀû, °æÁ¦Àû ¼öÁØÀÌ ³·Àº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¼ Àß °É¸®´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ì·ç¾î Àڱøñ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¾Ï¼ºº¯È¿¡´Â ¼ºº´°ú °°Àº °¨¿°ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ°í, ¶Ç ¸î°¡Áö ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÀÇ °¨¿°ÀÌ Àڱøñ¾ÏÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Àڱøñ¾ÏÀÇ Áø´Ü¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â Áú¼¼Æ÷°Ë»ç, ÄÝÆ÷½ºÄÚÇÇ, »ý°Ë(biopsy) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼Æ÷°Ë»ç¶õ Á¶±âÁø´Ü ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼ØºÀÀ¸·Î ÀڱøñÀ»¸¦ ¹®Áú·¯¼ Àڱøñ»óÇǼ¼Æ÷¸¦ ¾ò°í À̰ÍÀ» Çö¹Ì°æÀ¸·Î °üÂûÇÏ¿© »óÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ º¯È¸¦ º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÄÝÆ÷½ºÄÚÇǶõ ÀÚ±ÃÀÇ ¸ñÀ» 4~10¹è Á¤µµ È®´ëÇØ¼ º¸´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ È®´ë°æ°Ë»çÀ¸·Î Àڱøñ¾ÏÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀڱøñÀÇ º´Àûº¯È¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ¿© Áø´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ý°Ë¶õ Áø´ÜÀ» À§Çؼ Á÷Á¢ ÀڱøñÀÇ Á¶Á÷À» ¶¼¾î äÃëÇÏ¿© Çö¹Ì°æÀ¸·Î °üÂûÇÏ¿© Áø´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå Á¤È®ÇÑ Áø´Ü¹ýÀÌ´Ù. Ä¡·á·Î´Â º´ÀÇ ÁøÇàÁ¤µµ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£°ÚÁö¸¸ ¾ÏÀÇ ÁøÇàÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾î Çü¼ºÀÌ»óÀ̳ª Á¦ÀÚ¸®¾ÏÁ¾ ¶Ç´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Á¶±Ý ħÀ±ÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼ö¼úÀû¿ä¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÚ±ÃÀ» ÀûÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Ä¡·áÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ°í ¸¹Àº ÁøÇàÀ» º¸¿© ´Ù¸¥ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î ¾ÏÀÇ Ä§À±ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹æ»ç¼± Ä¡·á¸¦ ¿øÄ¢À¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù. |
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| ICR | [distance between] iliac crests; Institute for Cancer Research; Institute for Cancer Research [mouse... |
|---|---|
| AFP | Alpha(¥á) Feto-Protein [HP 1826, 1858, 1859, 2265] ; Oncofetal Antigens &nbs... |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute; noncriterion ischemic [animal]; nuclear contour index; nursing care integ... |
| NCIC | National Cancer Institute of Canada |
| NCIC | CTG National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trial Group |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute |
|---|---|
| NCI-C | National Cancer Institute of Canada |
| JAMA | Journal of the American Medical Association |
| NEJM | New England Journal of Medicine |
| ANSI | American National Standard Institute |
ascites
| national institute for occupational safety and health | An institute of the centres for disease control and prevention which is responsible for assuring safe and healthful working conditions and for developing standards of safety and health. Research activities are carried out pertinent to these goals. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| national institute of mental health | A component of the national institutes of health concerned with research, overall planning, promoting, and administering mental health programs and research. (12 Dec 1998) |
| journal article | The predominant publication type for articles and other items indexed for nlm databases. (12 Dec 1998) |
| National Cancer Information Service | <address, organisation> National Cancer Institute, cancer Information Service, office of Cancer Communications, Building 31, Room 10A24, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 (27 Sep 1997) |
| egyptian | Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa. Egyptian bean. <botany> A medium-sized tree (Acacia vera). It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic. Origin: L. Aegyptius, Gr, fr. (L. Aegyptus) Egypt: cf. F. Egyptien. Cf. Gypsy. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| Egyptian haematuria | Infection with Schistosoma haematobium, the eggs of which invade the urinary tract, causing cystitis and haematuria, and possibly an increased likelihood of bladder cancer. Synonym: bladder schistosomiasis, Egyptian haematuria, endemic haematuria, urinary schistosomiasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Egyptian ophthalmia | <ophthalmology> A chronic infectious disease of the conjunctiva and cornea, producing photophobia, pain, lacrimation and blindness. It is one of the oldest infectious diseases known to mankind, and dates back several thousand years with first documentation as early as the pharaonic era in Egypt. The disease is associated with poor socioeconomic conditions in general: with overcrowding, poor personal and environmental hygiene and, in particular, with very limited access to water and sanitation. Trachoma has been eliminated as a blinding disease from several previously hyperendemic countries and regions, both through significant improvements in the socioeconomic status of populations and through specific control efforts. Despite these successes, in many least developed countries of the world blinding trachoma continues to be an important public health problem. In some of the countries where trachoma was once hyperendemic, there remain residual pockets of blinding trachoma and complications, such as inturned eyelashes (trichiasis), which require eyelid surgery. Today, the disease is found mainly in poor rural areas, including parts of central and south America, most African countries and some countries in the Eastern Mediterranean. Trachoma is still endemic in several Asian countries, but there is a lack of updated information from some major populations, e.g. In India and China. The organism that causes this disease is Chlamydia trachomatis; a microorganism resembling both bacteria and viruses, which spreads through contact with eye discharge from the infected person (on towels, handkerchiefs, fingers, etc.) and through transmission by eye-seeking flies. Chlamydia trachomatis provokes an inflammatory reaction in the eye with formation of follicles in the conjunctiva. After years of repeated infections, the inside of the eyelids may be scarred so severely that the eyelid turns inwards with eyelashes rubbing on the eyeball. If untreated, this condition leads to blindness. The World Health Organization is working towards global elimination of trachoma, which is responsible, at present, for at least 15% of the world's blindness. Worldwide, there are about 6 million people largely irreversibly blinded by trachoma, and an estimated 146 million cases of active disease in need of treatment, if blindness is to be prevented. International efforts to eliminate trachoma as a blinding disease will be based on a combination of interventions known by the acronym "SAFE", which stands for Surgery for trichiasis (inturned eyelashes), Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement. These interventions will be community-targeted and will seek community involvement through the primary health care approach. Origin: Gr. Trachoma = roughness (07 May 1998) |
| Egyptian splenomegaly | Term sometimes used as a synonym for schistosomiasis mansoni, although hepatomegaly and fibrosis are more consistently found than is an enlarged spleen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| American Law Institute formulation | Used in certain jurisdictions to determine criminal responsibility in legal proceedings. See: criminal insanity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| American Law Institute rule | A test of criminal responsibility (1962): "a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of law." (05 Mar 2000) |
| institute | 1. The act of instituting; institution. "Water sanctified by Christ's institute." 2. That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit, or custom. 3. Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or rule, recognised as established and authoritative; usually in the plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; especially, a comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; as, the Institutes of Justinian; Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England. Cf. Digest, "They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy." (Burke) "To make the Stoics' institutes thy own." (Dryden) 4. An institution; a society established for the promotion of learning, art, science, etc.; a college; as, the Institute of Technology; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute; as, the Cooper Institute. 5. The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation. Institutes of medicine, theoretical medicine; that department of medical science which attempts to account philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine. Origin: L. Institutum: cf. F. Institut. See Institute, &. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| institute of medicine | Identifies, for study and analysis, important issues and problems that relate to health and medicine. The institute initiates and conducts studies of national policy and planning for health care and health-related education and research; it also responds to requests from the federal government and other agencies for studies and advice. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bibliography, national | A bibliography which lists all the books and other publications published, or distributed in significant quantity, in a particular country. Sometimes the term is used with respect to the new publications published within a specific period, and sometimes with respect to all those published within a lengthy period of many years. It is also used to indicate a bibliogrpaphy of publications about a country (whether written by its nationals or not) and those written in the language of the country as well as those published in it. (12 Dec 1998) |
| national academy of sciences | A united states organization of distinguished scientists and engineers established for the purpose of investigating and reporting upon any subject of art or science as requested by any department of government. The national research council organised by nas serves as the principal operating agency to stimulate and support research. (12 Dec 1998) |
| national centre for health care technology | A centre in the public health service which coordinates and administers a program of research, demonstrations, and evaluations of medical technologies and assessments of health care technology. (12 Dec 1998) |
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