| 영문 | Gram stain | 한글 | 그람염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미생물을 염색하는 방법 중의 하나. 1884년 덴마크의 의사 H.C.J. 그람(1853~ 1938)이 고안한 특수 염색법이다. 이 염색법을 사용하면 미생물은 양성균과 음성균의 2무리로 크게 나뉜다. 염색법은 균을 유리면에 바르고 가열 고정한다. 젠시안바이오렛, 크리스탈 바이오렛, 메틸바이오렛 등 파라로즈 아닐린계 색소의 어느 하나를 사용하여 우선 염색하고 이어서 루골액을 작용시킨 뒤, 에탄올 또는 아세톤으로 탈색한다. 이때 탈색되지 않고 보라색을 타나내는 것을 그람양성균이라 부르며, 포도알균-폐렴알균-사슬알균 등이 대표적인 예이다. 탈색되면 그람음성균이라 부르며, 대장균-녹농균 등이 있다. 최후에 사프라닌, 푹신 등 적색계의 색소액으로 후염색을 한다. 미생물의 감별에 중요한 염색법이며 염색성의 차이는 영양요구성, 화학요법제(항생물질 등)에 대한 감수성의 차이와도 관련되는 점이 많으므로 사용약제의 선택시에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 그람양성균과 음성균의 차이는 세균벽의 구조에 있는데, 양성균은 세포막의 바깥쪽 펩티드글리칸이라는 당단백질층의 두께가 20~80nm나 되고, 그램음성균의 펩티드글리칸 층은 2~3nm로 얇고, 다시 바깥쪽에 외막이라 부르는 층이 있다. |
||
| 영문 | acid-fast staining | 한글 | 항산염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 항산성성질(좀처럼 염색이 되지 않으나 한번 염색이 되면 산성용액에 의해서 탈색이 되지 않는 성질)을 가진 균(예를 들면 결핵균 등)의 검출에 이용되는 염색방법. 방법에는 Ziehl-Neelson법과 Kinyoun법 등이 있다. |
||
| A [band] | the dark-staining zone of a striated muscle |
|---|---|
| AgNOR | silver-staining nucleolar organizer region |
| FAST | flow-assisted, short-term [balloon catheter]; fluorescent antibody staining technique; fluoro-allerg... |
| HSR | Harleco synthetic resin; heated serum reagin; homogeneously staining region |
| MGG | May-Grunwald-Giemsa [staining]; molecular and general genetics; mouse gammaglobulin; multinucleated ... |
| DiSC | Differential Staining Cytotoxicity |
|---|---|
| hsr | Homogeneous staining region |
| HSR | Homogeneously staining region |
| IGSS | Immuno-Gold-Silver staining |
| IGS | Immunogold staining |
pale-staining zone
| regressive staining | A type of staining in which tissues are overstained and the excess dye is then removed selectively until the desired intensity is obtained. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| progressive staining | A procedure in which staining is continued until the desired intensity of colouring of tissue elements is attained. (05 Mar 2000) |
| homogeneously staining region | <molecular biology> A region on a chromosome which, when stained, is uniform in appearance. (Normally, a stained chromosome shows a banding pattern.) Homogeneously staining regions contain multiple copies of a single gene. (09 Oct 1997) |
| silver staining | The use of silver, usually silver nitrate, as a reagent for producing contrast or colouration in tissue specimens. (12 Dec 1998) |
| staining | The use of a dye, reagent, or other material for producing colouration in tissues or microorganisms for microscopic examination. (12 Dec 1998) |
| negative staining | Microscopic technique in which the object stands out against a dark background of stain. For electron microscopy the sample is suspended in a solution of an electron dense stain such as sodium phosphotungstate and then sprayed onto a support grid. The stain dries as structureless solid and fills all crevices in the sample. When examined in the electron microscope the sample appears as a light object against a dark background. Quite fine structural detail can be observed using negative staining and it has been used extensively to study the structure of viruses and other particulate samples. (18 Nov 1997) |
| dispersion staining | <microscopy> A procedure involving central or annular stops in the objective back focal plane to induce coloured images of transparent particles mounted in liquids with indices matching the particle at a wavelength in the visible. The particle and liquid should possess very different dispersion curves for best colours. (05 Aug 1998) |
| optical staining | <microscopy> Producing colour in the microscopical image so as to differentiate one part of the object from another. One way is by use of Rheinberg filters. Another is to use polarized light on an anisotropic specimen. Another important method is by dispersion staining. (05 Aug 1998) |
| centimeter-gram-second system | The scientific system of expressing the fundamental physical units of length, mass, and time, and those units derived from them, in centimeters, grams, and seconds; currently being replaced by the International System of Units based on the meter, kilogram, and second. (05 Mar 2000) |
| centimeter-gram-second unit | <unit> An absolute unit of the centimeter-gram-second system. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gram | A gram is the unit of measurement used to measure mass in the metric system. It is equal to the mass of one millilitre (one thousandth of a litre) of water at the temperature where water has the highest density (4 degrees C). (09 Oct 1997) |
| gram-atomic weight | Atomic weight expressed in grams. Compare: mole. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gram calorie | The quantity of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1캜, or from 14.5캜 to 15.5캜 in the case of normal or standard calorie. Synonym: gram calorie. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gram-centimeter | The energy exerted, or work done, when a mass of 1 g is raised a height of 1 cm; equal to 9.807 × 10-5 joules or newton-meters. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gram equivalent | The weight in grams of an element that combines with or replaces 1 gram of hydrogen, the atomic or molecular weight in grams of an atom or group of atoms involved in a chemical reaction divided by the number of electrons donated, taken up, or shared by the atom or group of atoms in the course of that reaction, the weight of a substance contained in 1 liter of 1 normal solution; a variant of. Synonym: combining weight, equivalent weight. (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|