| 영문 | alkaline phosphatase | 한글 | 알칼리성 인산분해효소 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 효소의 일종이며 여러 가지 동종효소(기능은 같지만 구조가 약간씩 다른 효소형태)로 신체의 여러 부위(특히 뼈와 간)에 정상적으로 많이 존재한다. 간내 쓸개관의 세포에 많이 존재하며, 뼈를 생성하는 세포인 뼈모세포(osteoblast)에 많이 존재한다. 그 외에도 여러 기관에 존재한다. 임상적 의의는 간과 뼈의 병 진단과 치료효과 판정에 도움을 준다. 간, 특히 간에서 만들어진 담즙을 샘창자까지 운반하는 쓸개길이 막힌 경우(쓸개관내에 종양이 생기거나 쓸개돌증으로 인해서 쓸개관이 막힌 경우)에는 쓸개내의 압력이 높아지고 간내 쓸개관의 세포가 깨져 그 속에 들어 있던 알칼리성 인산분해효소가 혈액속으로 방출되어 혈중 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 농도가 높아진다. 그리고 뼈의 생성이 많아지는 모든 경우(예를 들면 골절, 종양에 의한 뼈의 파괴시 복구를 위해서 뼈의 생성이 증가한다), 뼈모세포의 활동이 증가되고 뼈모세포의 효소인 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성도 역시 증가된다. |
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| 영문 | Gram stain | 한글 | 그람염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미생물을 염색하는 방법 중의 하나. 1884년 덴마크의 의사 H.C.J. 그람(1853~ 1938)이 고안한 특수 염색법이다. 이 염색법을 사용하면 미생물은 양성균과 음성균의 2무리로 크게 나뉜다. 염색법은 균을 유리면에 바르고 가열 고정한다. 젠시안바이오렛, 크리스탈 바이오렛, 메틸바이오렛 등 파라로즈 아닐린계 색소의 어느 하나를 사용하여 우선 염색하고 이어서 루골액을 작용시킨 뒤, 에탄올 또는 아세톤으로 탈색한다. 이때 탈색되지 않고 보라색을 타나내는 것을 그람양성균이라 부르며, 포도알균-폐렴알균-사슬알균 등이 대표적인 예이다. 탈색되면 그람음성균이라 부르며, 대장균-녹농균 등이 있다. 최후에 사프라닌, 푹신 등 적색계의 색소액으로 후염색을 한다. 미생물의 감별에 중요한 염색법이며 염색성의 차이는 영양요구성, 화학요법제(항생물질 등)에 대한 감수성의 차이와도 관련되는 점이 많으므로 사용약제의 선택시에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 그람양성균과 음성균의 차이는 세균벽의 구조에 있는데, 양성균은 세포막의 바깥쪽 펩티드글리칸이라는 당단백질층의 두께가 20~80nm나 되고, 그램음성균의 펩티드글리칸 층은 2~3nm로 얇고, 다시 바깥쪽에 외막이라 부르는 층이 있다. |
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| GMS | General Medical Service; geriatric mental state; Gilbert-Meulengracht syndrome; Gomori methenamine s... |
|---|---|
| AP | accessory pathway; accounts payable; acid phosphatase; acinar parenchyma; action potential; active p... |
| APAAP | alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase [labeling] |
| NAP | nasion, point A, pogonion [convexity or concavity of the facial profile]; nerve action potential; ne... |
| PAP | pancreatitis-associated protein; Papanicolaou [test]; papaverine; passive-aggressive personality; pa... |
| APAAP | Alkaline Phosphatase anti-Alkaline Phosphatase |
|---|---|
| GMS | Gomori Methenamine-Silver |
| PWS | Port Wine Stain |
| ALP | Alkaline Phosphatase |
| AP | Alkaline Phosphatase |
| Gomori's non-specific alkaline phosphatase stain | <technique> A calcium-cobalt sulfide method using frozen sections or cold acetone-or formalin-fixed paraffin sections, plus sodium beta-glycerophosphate as a substrate at pH 9.0 to 9.5 with Mg++ as activator; calcium ions precipitate the liberated phosphate, cobalt salt replaces the calcium phosphate, and ammonium sulfide converts the product to a black cobalt sulfide. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| Gomori's non-specific acid phosphatase stain | <technique> A method in which formalin-fixed frozen sections are incubated in a substrate containing sodium beta-glycerophosphate and lead nitrate at pH 5.0; the insoluble lead phosphate produced is treated with ammonium sulfide to give a black lead sulfide. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| Gomori-Jones periodic acid-methenamine-silver stain | <technique> A staining method using methenamine silver, periodic acid, gold chloride, haematoxylin, and eosin to delineate basement membrane, reticulin, collagen, and nuclei; used in renal histopathology. See: Rambourg's periodic acid-chromic methenamine-silver stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin stain | <technique> A stain used to demonstrate beta cells of the pancreas, storage form of thyrotrophic hormone in beta cells of the anterior pituitary, hypophyseal neurosecretory substance, mast cells, granules, elastic fibres, sulfated mucins, and gastric chief cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gomori's chrome alum haematoxylin-phloxine stain | <technique> A technique used to demonstrate cytoplasmic granules, after Bouin's or formalin-Zenker fixatives, using oxidised haematoxylin plus phloxine; in the pancreas, beta cells are blue, alpha and delta cells are red, and zymogen granules are red to unstained; in the pituitary, alpha cells are pink, beta cells and chromophobes are gray-blue, and nuclei are purple to blue. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gomori's methenamine-silver stain | <technique> Techniques for 1) argentaffin cells: a method using a methenamine-silver solution in combination with gold chloride, sodium thiosulphate, and safranin O; argentaffin granules appear brown-black against a green background; 2) urates: warm sections are treated directly with a hot methenamine-silver solution to produce a blackening of urates; 3) fungi: see Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver stain; 4) melanin, which reduces silver nitrate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gomori's one-step trichrome stain | <technique> A connective tissue stain that uses haematoxylin and a dye mixture containing chromotrope 2R and light green or aniline blue; muscle fibres appear red, collagen is green (or blue if aniline blue is used), and nuclei are blue to black. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gomori's silver impregnation stain | <technique> A reliable method for reticulin, as an aid in the diagnosis of neoplasm and early cirrhosis of the liver; the staining solution employs silver nitrate, potassium hydroxide, and ammonia water carefully prepared to avoid having silver precipitate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver stain | <technique> A modification of Gomori's methenamine-silver stain for fungi in which sections are pretreated with chromic acid before addition of the methenamine-silver solution and then counterstained with light green to demonstrate black-brown fungi against a pale green background. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alkaline phosphatase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of inorganic phosphate non-specifically from a wide variety of phosphate esters and having a high (greater than 8) pH optimum. Found in bacteria, fungi and animals but not in higher plants. (18 Nov 1997) |
| miniplacental alkaline phosphatase | <enzyme> Engineered human placental alkaline phosphatase; miniplap 208 has the same n- and c-terminal signal peptides as placental alkaline phosphatase Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- Synonym: miniplap, miniplap 208 (26 Jun 1999) |
| Gomori, George | <person> Hungarian histochemist in the U.S., 1904-1957. See: Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver stain, Gomori's non-specific alkaline phosphatase stain, Gomori's one-step trichrome stain, Gomori's silver impregnation stain, Gomori's chrome alum haematoxylin-phloxine stain. See entries under stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gomori procedure | <procedure> Cytochemical staining procedure used to localise acid phosphatases. Depends upon the production of phosphate ions from organic phospho esters such as _ glycerophosphate. The phosphate in the presence of lead ions causes the formation of a precipitate of lead salt that is converted to the brown sulphide of lead by the action of yellow ammonium sulphide. (18 Nov 1997) |
| AH-101 thermostable alkaline protease | <enzyme> Isolated from bacillus sp. No. Ah-101; has sequence similarity to other subtilisin-like enzymes Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- Synonym: ah-101 protease (26 Jun 1999) |
| alkaline | <chemistry> Having the reactions of an alkali. Origin: L. Alkalinus (18 Nov 1997) |
| alkaline-ash diet | A diet consisting mainly of fruits, vegetables, and milk (with minimal amounts of meat, fish, eggs, cheese, and cereals), which, when catabolised, leave an alkaline residue to be excreted in the urine. Synonym: acid-ash diet, basic diet. (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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