| OAA/S | Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation |
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| ethiopia | An independent state in eastern africa, east of sudan and bounded on the north by the red sea. Its capital is addis ababa. It is an ancient country, being, from early times, under the sway of the ancient egyptians, jews, christians, and moslems. In modern times it has been governed by italy, great britain, france. It gained independence in 1941. In 1952 it became federated with eritrea. The name is from the greek aithi- (burn) + opsis (appearance), with reference to the dark skin of the natives. The indigenous name of the country is abyssinia (from an amharic root hbs, meaning mixed, with reference to the mixed black and white races inhabiting the country); its biblical name cush comes from the name of the son of ham with reference to the country of his descendants, possibly also from an ethiopian word meaning dark-faced. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| observer | One who perceives, notices, or watches; in behavioural research with humans, the investigator or his/her surrogate. Origin: L. Observo, to watch Nonparticipant observer, an investigator who studies a group of subjects engaged in certain activities but does not directly participate in these activities, presumably being able to study them more objectively. Participant observer, an investigator who while studying the activities of a group of subjects also participates in their activities, presumably being able to gain more detailed, relevant information but with less objectivity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| observer variation | The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material). (12 Dec 1998) |
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