| 영문 | anemia | 한글 | 빈혈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액이 순환하는 목적 중에서 가장 중요한 것은 여러 가지 영양소를 말초의 장기로 보급하고 말초의 장기에서 나오는 여러 노폐물을 콩팥이나 폐로 보내 배설물을 처리하는 데 있다. 그 중에서 산소의 운반은 가장 중요한데 바로 이 산소의 운반을 담당하는 것이 적혈구이다. 적혈구에는 혈색소라는 물질이 있어 이것이 산소와 결합하여 산소를 말초의 장기로 운반할 수가 있다. 빈혈이란 단위부피의 혈액속에 적혈구의 양이 적은 경우를 말한다. 적혈구의 양을 나타내는 것으로는 3가지 방법이 있다. 적혈구의 숫자를 직접 표현하는 방법과, 혈색소의 양을 정량하여 그 양을 표시하는 방법과, 혈액속에서 적혈구가 차지하는 양(적혈구등적율)을 나타내는 방법이 그것이다. 대개 빈혈이라 함은 남성에서 혈색소 < 14g/dl, 혈색소 < 42%, 적혈구의 수 < 4,000,000/mm3일 경우이고, 여성에선 혈색소 < 12g/dl, 혈색소 < 36%, 적혈구의 수 < 3,300,000/mm3일 경우를 지칭한다. |
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| 영문 | pernicious anemia | 한글 | 악성빈혈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 악성(생명을 위협하며, 치료에 저항하는 경우에 대개 악성이라 부름. 예를 들어 진행된 암의 경우)이라 이름붙어 있지만, 실제적으로는 악성이 아니다. 빈혈의 일종이다. 정상적으로 적혈구는 발달과 성숙과정에서 비타민 B12가 필수적이다. 이 비타민 B12의 혈중농도감소에 의해 적혈구생성에 지장을 가져오게 되고, 혈액내에 특징적인 거대적모구(megaloblast)의 형성이 나타나는 질병을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | hemolytic anemia | 한글 | 용혈빈혈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 용혈빈혈이란 적혈구의 과도한 파괴에 의한 빈혈이다. 원래 120일 정도의 수명을 가지는 적혈구의 수명이 짧아지는 것이다. 여기에는 여러 가지 원인이 있을 수가 있는데 대표적인 원인으로는 적혈구에 대한 항체가 생기는 것(발작성야간혈색소뇨증)과 적혈구자체의 이상(유전성둥근적혈구증), 그리고 다른 질병에 의해서 2차적으로 생기는 것이 있다. |
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| 영문 | aplastic anemia | 한글 | 재생불량빈혈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 재생불량성 빈혈이란 골수의 이상으로 생기는 빈혈이다. 골수란 뼈속에 존재하는 것으로 혈구를 생성하는 세포들과 미성숙한 혈구들로 이루어져 있다. 이것들이 여러 가지 원인에 의해서 파괴되었을 때 생기는 빈혈을 재생불량빈혈이라고 한다. 그러므로 적혈구만의 감소가 아니라 모든 혈구 세포의 감소를 볼 수 있다. 치료로는 혈구 생성을 자극하는 호르몬을 투여하는 것이 있지만 이것으로는 파괴된 혈구를 생성하는 세포의 재생이 일어나지 못하므로 완전한 치료라고는 볼 수가 없다. 완전한 치료로는 남의 골수를 채취해서 이것에서부터 혈구를 생성하는 세포를 분리, 환자에게 이식하는 골수이식이 있다. |
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| 영문 | iron deficiency anemia | 한글 | 철결핍빈혈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 적혈구의 기능은 산소를 운반하는데 있다. 적혈구 속에 산소와 결합을 하여 산소를 운반하는 혈색소라는 물질이 있다. 철은 이 혈색소의 중요한 부분을 이루는 것으로 철이 없으면 혈색소가 만들어질 수가 없다. 혈색소가 없으면 역시 적혈구도 만들어지지 않으므로 체내에 철이 부족하면 빈혈이 생긴다. 이 철결핍성 빈혈은 빈혈의 원인 중에서 가장 흔한 것이다(약 25%를 차지한다). 철저장량의 저하-결핍, 혈청철농도의 저하, 트란스페린량 상승, 트란스페린포화도의 저하, 혈색소농도 또는 헤마토크리트의 저하, 저색소성대적혈구를 특징으로 하는 빈혈로서, 생체 내에서 철이 장기에 걸쳐 결핍되며 그 때문에 혈색소 생산 감소에 의해 일어난다. 창자에서의 철흡수량 부족, 철의 수요 증대(유아기, 사춘기, 임신), 철소실과잉(출혈)에 의해 일어나며, 특히 사춘기에서 폐경기까지의 여성에게 많다. 증상으로서는 얼굴창백, 피로감, 피부창백, 손톱 변화(스푼 모양) 등을 나타낸다. 구강 영역에서는 혀의 접촉통, 발적, 건조감, 삼킴곤란을 수반하면 플러머-빈슨(Plummer-Vinson)증후군이라고 한다. 혈액 소견은 혈청철은 저하하며, 철결합능력의 상승, 저색소성 작은적혈구성을 나타낸다. |
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| AHA | acetohydroxamic acid; acquired hemolytic anemia; acute hemolytic anemia; American Heart Association;... |
|---|---|
| EAC | Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; electroacupuncture; epithelioma adenoides cysticum; erythema annulare cen... |
| EAT | Eating Attitudes Test; Ehrlich ascites tumor; electro-aerosol therapy; epidermolysis acuta toxica; e... |
| EATC | Ehrlich ascites tumor cell |
| EU | Ehrlich unit; elementary unit; emergency unit; endotoxin unit; entropy unit; enzyme unit; esterase u... |
| EA | Ehrlich Ascites |
|---|---|
| EAC | Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma |
| EAT | Ehrlich Ascites Tumor |
| EATC | Ehrlich Ascites tumour cells |
| AISA | Acquired Idiopathic Sideroblastic Anemia |
| anemia | <haematology> Too few red blood cells in the bloodstream, resulting in insufficient oxygen to tissues and organs. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (16 Dec 1997) |
|---|---|
| carcinoma, ehrlich tumour | A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumour which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Paul Ehrlich | <person> A brilliant scientist and student, born in Silesia, Germany, who at the age of 23 published his first scientific paper which was on the discovery of the mast cells - a name coined by him (1887). While a resident in medicine at Charite Hospital in Berlin he utilised the newly discovered aniline dyes to develop some of the basic methods of histology. Among his contributions are: The preparation and staining of blood smears, he demonstrated granules in leukocytes, described the neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, myelocyte, and mononuclear cells (white blood cells), he demonstrated normoblasts, megaloblasts and microblasts of the erythrocytic (red blood cell) series. In 1887, he differentiated lymphocytic leukaemia from "bone marrow leukaemia" (myeloid) on blood smear, in 1888, he described aplastic anaemia, in 1882 the diazo reaction of typhoid urines, in 1882, less than six weeks after Koch described the Tuberculus bacillus, Ehrlich had described its acid-fastness and devised the fuchsin stain to demonstrate the pink rod on a blue background. Ehrlich fell ill with tuberculosis and went to Egypt for 3 years for rest and cure. Following his return, he entered the field of immunology. at Von Behring's request, he developed means of standardising antitoxin dosage (immunization units). at the age of 42, he became director of the "Royal Institute for Standardisation and Investigation of Antitoxic Sera." Here he devised his famous "side-chain" theory of immunisation. It has since been replaced. Paul Ehrlich reinvestigated Bordet's alexin and heat-stable substance and named them "complement" and "immune body". Ehrlich coined the terms and created a new science of chemotherapy. In 1910 he discovered Salvarsan or 606, a therapeutic antiluetic. For his silver bullet (Salvarsan) in 1908, he received the Nobel Prize. This scientist was greatly concerned over the problem of drug fastness which still remains a problem. He died August 20, 1915. Lived: 1854-1915. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Heinz-Ehrlich body | A round oxyphil body found in the red blood cell in case of haemocytolysis due to a specific blood poison. Synonym: Heinz-Ehrlich body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich | Paul, German bacteriologist, immunologist, and Nobel laureate, 1854-1915. See: Ehrlichia, Ehrlich's anaemia, Ehrlich's inner body, Ehrlich's phenomenon, Ehrlich's postulate, Ehrlich's diazo reagent, Ehrlich's theory, Ehrlich-Turk line. See entries under stain; reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich, Paul | <person> A brilliant scientist and student, born in Silesia, Germany, who at the age of 23 published his first scientific paper which was on the discovery of the mast cells - a name coined by him (1887). While a resident in medicine at Charite Hospital in Berlin he utilised the newly discovered aniline dyes to develop some of the basic methods of histology. Among his contributions are: The preparation and staining of blood smears, he demonstrated granules in leukocytes, described the neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, myelocyte, and mononuclear cells (white blood cells), he demonstrated normoblasts, megaloblasts and microblasts of the erythrocytic (red blood cell) series. In 1887, he differentiated lymphocytic leukaemia from "bone marrow leukaemia" (myeloid) on blood smear, in 1888, he described aplastic anaemia, in 1882 the diazo reaction of typhoid urines, in 1882, less than six weeks after Koch described the Tuberculus bacillus, Ehrlich had described its acid-fastness and devised the fuchsin stain to demonstrate the pink rod on a blue background. Ehrlich fell ill with tuberculosis and went to Egypt for 3 years for rest and cure. Following his return, he entered the field of immunology. at Von Behring's request, he developed means of standardising antitoxin dosage (immunization units). at the age of 42, he became director of the "Royal Institute for Standardisation and Investigation of Antitoxic Sera." Here he devised his famous "side-chain" theory of immunisation. It has since been replaced. Paul Ehrlich reinvestigated Bordet's alexin and heat-stable substance and named them "complement" and "immune body". Ehrlich coined the terms and created a new science of chemotherapy. In 1910 he discovered Salvarsan or 606, a therapeutic antiluetic. For his silver bullet (Salvarsan) in 1908, he received the Nobel Prize. This scientist was greatly concerned over the problem of drug fastness which still remains a problem. He died August 20, 1915. Lived: 1854-1915. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Ehrlich reaction | The reaction of the indole derivatives with aromatic aldehydes; e.g., tryptophan and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in H2SO4 give a red-violet colour useful in assaying proteins for tryptophan content. Synonym: Ehrlich reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's acid haematoxylin stain | <technique> An alum type of haematoxylin stain used as a regressive staining method for nuclei, followed by differentiation to required staining intensity; the solution may be allowed to ripen naturally in sunlight or partially oxidised with sodium iodate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's anaemia | <haematology> This form of anaemia occurs when the bone marrow ceases sufficient red and white blood cell production. It may be induced by exposures to high levels of toxic chemicals, radiation and certain drugs. It is generally unresponsive to specific therapy, often accompanied by granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, in which the bone marrow may not necessarily be hypocellular or hypoplastic but fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. The term actually is all inclusive and most probably encompasses several clinical syndromes. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (29 Sep 1997) |
| Ehrlich's aniline crystal violet stain | <technique> A stain for Gram-positive bacteria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's benzaldehyde reaction | A test for urobilinogen in the urine, by dissolving 2 g of dimethyl-p-aminobenzaldehyde in 100 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and adding this reagent to urine; a red colour in the cold indicates the presence of an excessive amount of urobilinogen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's diazo reaction | The reaction of diazotised sulfanilic acid with bilirubin to form azobilirubin, which forms the basis of quantitating the amount of bilirubin in biological fluids. See: van den Bergh's test. Synonym: Ehrlich's diazo reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's diazo reagent | Two solutions, one of sodium nitrite, the other of acidified sulfanilic acid, used in bringing about diazotization. Synonym: Ehrlich's diazo reagent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's inner body | A round oxyphil body found in the red blood cell in case of haemocytolysis due to a specific blood poison. Synonym: Heinz-Ehrlich body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's phenomenon | The difference between the amount of diphtheria toxin that will exactly neutralise one unit of antitoxin and that which, added to one unit of antitoxin, will leave one lethal dose free is greater than one lethal dose of toxin; i.e., it is necessary to add more than one lethal dose of toxin to a neutral mixture of toxin and antitoxin to make the mixture lethal (the basis of the L+ dose). (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|