| 영문 | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | 한글 | 데옥시리보핵산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 핵산의 일종으로 DNA라고도 한다. Deoxyribonucleotide의 중합체이며 유전자의 화학적 본체이다. RNA바이러스 이외의 모든 생물은 DNA를 유전자로 지니고 있다. 디옥시리보뉴클레오티드(deoxyribonucleotide)는 염기와 당(2'-deoxy-D-ribose)과 인산으로 이루어진다. 염기는 아데닌(adenine), 구아닌(guanine), 티민(thymine)및 시토신(cytosine)의 4가지이며, 이것은 당에 부착되어 있다. 인산 역시 당의 한 부분에 부착되어 있다. 이 deoxyribonucleotide의 당은 다른 deoxy- ribonucleotide의 당과 인산을 사이에 놓고 결합을 하게 되어 하나의 긴 사슬을 형성하게 된다. 즉 당과 인산이 주축이 되어서 deoxyribonucleotide의 긴 사슬을 만든다. 이 deoxyribonucleotide의 사슬 두 개는 각각 deoxyribonucleotide에 부착되어 있는 염기들이 결합을 하여 두 개의 사슬이 결합되어 있는 이중나선 구조를 만들게 된다. 4가지 염기 아데닌은 티민과 결합을 하고, 시토신과 결합을 하게 된다. 즉 당과 인산은 긴 사슬을 만드는 역할을 하고 긴 사슬에 부착된 염기들의 결합에 의해서 두 개의 긴 사슬은 서로 붙어서 이중나선 구조를 만든다. DNA의 유전정보는 염기에 저장된다. 4개의 염기의 조합과 배열이 유전정보를 보관하는 하나의 암호 역할을 행하게 된다. |
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| 영문 | DNA | 한글 | 디옥시리보핵산, 디엔에이 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | Deoxyribonucleic acid의 약어. 데옥시리보스를 구성성분으로 하는 핵산. 유전자의 화학적 본태로서 염색체에 존재한다. 데옥시리보스에 유기염기와 인산이 결합한 뉴클레오티드(구성단위)가 포스포디에스테르결합에 의해 긴사슬 중합체를 형성하며, 두 개의 긴사슬이 서로 비틀려 꼬인 나선구조를 취한다. 디옥시리보뉴클레오티드(deoxyribonucleotide)는 염기와 당(2'-deoxy-D-riboe)과 인산으로 이루어진다. 염기는 아데닌(adenine), 구아닌(guanine), 티민(thymine) 및 시토신(cytosine)의 네가지이며, 이것은 당에 부착되어 있다. 인산 역시 당의 한 부분에 부착되어 있다. 이 디옥시리보뉴클레오티드의 당은 다른 디옥시리보뉴클레오티드의 당과 인산을 사이에 놓고 결합하게 되어 하나의 긴 사슬을 형성하게 된다. |
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| 영문 | serum enzyme | 한글 | 혈청효소 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈청 내에 포함되어 있는 여러 가지 효소를 일컫는 말이다. |
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| 영문 | enzyme | 한글 | 효소 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 생물체 세포속에서 합성되고, 주로 세포내에서 진행되는 화학반응을 촉매하는 단백질로 시험관내에서도 같은 촉매작용을 한다. 이 효소는 인공적으로 만든 어떤 촉매제보다 그 특이성과 촉매작용이 탁월한 특별한 생체분자이다. 신진대사, 즉 세포내에서 일어나는 물질의 화학적 변환은 효소의 작용에 의해 매우 빠르고 원할하게 이루어진다. 이것은 효소의 촉매 효율이 높은 점과 효소의 기질 특이성 때문이다. 효소반응은 상온, 상압, 최적 pH 등 적절한 조건 아래에서 진행된다. 또 효소의 주체가 단백질이기 때문에 단백질을 변성시키는 열, 강산, 강알칼리, 유기용매 등에 의해 그 작용을 잃는다. 효소는 생체에 널리 분포하며, 복잡하고 다양한 대사반응을 촉매하기 때문에 종류도 많다. 앞서 말한 바와 같이 대부분의 효소는 세포내에 존재하지만, 혈액과 그외의 간질액에 들어 있기도 하고 소화효소류처럼 체외로 분비되는 것도 있다. |
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| 영문 | enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay | 한글 | 효소면역측정법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 효소결합면역흡착제 검정법으로 번역되고 있다. 이 법은 항원(또는 항체)에 알칼리 포스파타아제 또는 페르옥시디아제 등의 산소를 결합시켜 두고 그 산소활성을 지표로 삼아 항원항체반응의 정도를 안 다음 여기에서 항원(또는 항체)의 양을 구하는 것이다. 이 법의 이점으로서 고감도, 조작의 간단함 및 방사선면역측정법처럼 방사성물질을 사용하지 않아도 된다는 점을 들 수 있다. 호르몬이나 면역글로불린의 정량법으로서 응용 되고 있으며 측정용 키트도 시판되고 이있다. |
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| EIA | electroimmunoassay; enzyme immunoassay; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; equine infectious anemia;... |
|---|---|
| PACE | Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology; paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme; personalized aerobic... |
| RFLPs | Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms; 제한효소단편장다형 |
| FR | failure rate; film-screen radiograph; fasciculus retroflexus; febrile reaction; feedback regulation;... |
| RE | radium emanation; readmission; rectal examination; reference emitter; reflux esophagitis; regional e... |
| REMI | Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration |
|---|---|
| RE | Restriction enzyme |
| REA | Restriction enzyme analysis |
| RFLP | restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism |
| ARDRA | Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis |
IGF-II : insulin like growth factor-II의 약자. 많은 장기와 조직에 작용하여 단백 합성과 DNA, RNA의 합성을 증가시켜 세포의 수와 양을 증가
| DNA restriction enzymes | <enzyme> Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of dnas, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. Registry number: EC 3.1.21 (12 Dec 1998) |
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| restriction enzyme | <enzyme, molecular biology> Class of bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites. In bacteria their function is to destroy foreign DNA, such as that of bacteriophages (host DNA is specifically modified at these sites). Type I restriction endonucleases occur as a complex with the methylase and a polypeptide that binds to the recognition site on DNA. They are often not very specific and cut at a remote site. Type II restriction endonucleases are the classic experimental tools. They have very specific recognition and cutting sites. The recognition sites are short, 4-8 nucleotides and are usually palindromic sequences. Because both strands have the same sequence running in opposite directions the enzymes make double stranded breaks, which, if the site of cleavage is off centre, generates fragments with short single stranded tails, these can hybridise to the tails of other fragments and are called sticky ends. They are generally named according to the bacterium from which they were isolated (first letter of genus name and the first two letters of the specific name). The bacterial strain is identified next and multiple enzymes are given Roman numerals. For example the two enzymes isolated from the R strain of E. Coli are designated Eco RI and Eco RII. (10 Mar 1998) |
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| restriction enzyme cutting site | <molecular biology> A specific nucleotide sequence of DNA at which a particular restriction enzyme cuts the DNA. Some sites occur frequently in DNA (for example, every several hundred basepairs), others much less frequently (rare-cutter, for example, every 10,000 base pairs). (10 Mar 1998) |
| restriction enzyme, endonuclease | A protein that recognises specific, short nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at those sites. Bacteria contain over 400 such enzymes that recognise and cut over 100 different DNA sequences. See restriction enzyme cutting site. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ecori restriction enzyme | <enzyme, molecular biology> A commonly-used restriction enzyme (enzyme which will cleave the phosphodiester bonds of DNA at specific nucleotide sequences) that came from the bacteria Escherichia coli and recognises the sequence GAATTC. The enzyme will make a staggered cut of the double-stranded DNA molecule by cutting between the G and A on both strands. (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA restriction-modification enzymes | Systems consisting of two enzymes, a modification methylase and a restriction endonuclease. They are closely related in their specificity and protect the DNA of a given bacterial species. The methylase adds methyl groups to adenine or cytosine residues in the same target sequence that constitutes the restriction enzyme binding site. The methylation renders the target site resistant to restriction, thereby protecting DNA against cleavage. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA-directed DNA polymerase | <enzyme> DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair. Chemical name: Deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) Registry number: EC 2.7.7.7 (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell cycle restriction point | <cell biology, molecular biology> A point, late in G1, after which the cell must, normally, proceed through to division at its standard rate. (26 Mar 1998) |
| restriction | 1. The process with which foreign DNA that has been introduced into a prokaryotic cell becomes ineffective. 2. A limitation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| restriction endonuclease | <enzyme, molecular biology> Class of bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites. In bacteria their function is to destroy foreign DNA, such as that of bacteriophages (host DNA is specifically modified at these sites). Type I restriction endonucleases occur as a complex with the methylase and a polypeptide that binds to the recognition site on DNA. They are often not very specific and cut at a remote site. Type II restriction endonucleases are the classic experimental tools. They have very specific recognition and cutting sites. The recognition sites are short, 4-8 nucleotides and are usually palindromic sequences. Because both strands have the same sequence running in opposite directions the enzymes make double stranded breaks, which, if the site of cleavage is off centre, generates fragments with short single stranded tails, these can hybridise to the tails of other fragments and are called sticky ends. They are generally named according to the bacterium from which they were isolated (first letter of genus name and the first two letters of the specific name). The bacterial strain is identified next and multiple enzymes are given Roman numerals. For example the two enzymes isolated from the R strain of E. Coli are designated Eco RI and Eco RII. (10 Mar 1998) |
| restriction fragment | <molecular biology> The fragments of DNA generated by digesting DNA with a specific restriction endonuclease. Each of the fragments ends in a site recognised by that specific enzyme. (10 Mar 1998) |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism | <molecular biology, technique> A method that allows familial relationships to be established by comparing the characteristic polymorphic patterns that are obtained when certain regions of genomic DNA are amplified (typically by PCR) and cut with certain restriction enzymes. The variation in the length of DNA fragments produced by a restriction endonuclease that cuts at a polymorphic locus. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes. This is a key tool in DNA fingerprinting, reflecting the existence of different alleles in the individual. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping is also used in plant breeding to see if a key trait such as disease resistance is inherited. In principle, an individual can be identified unambiquously by restriction fragment length polymorphism hence the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism in forensic analysis of blood, hair or semen). Similarly, if a polymorphism can be identified close to the locus of a genetic defect, it provides a valuable marker for tracing the inheritance of the defect. Synonym: DNA fingerprinting. Acronym: RFLP (12 Jan 1998) |
| restriction length polymorphism | Fragment length polymorphism, the existence of allelic forms recognizable by the length of fragments that result when the nucleotide chain is treated by a specific restriction enzyme that cleaves wherever a particular sequence of nucleotides occurs. A mutation in this sequence changes cleaving and hence the number of fragments. (05 Mar 2000) |
| restriction map | <molecular biology> Map of DNA showing the position of sites recognised and cut by various restriction endonucleases. (12 Jan 1998) |
| restriction mapping | Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes or genes. The nucleotide sequence determined is often then translated into an amino acid sequence, providing a means for sequencing the protein for which the gene codes, or for which the mRNA is a messenger. (12 Dec 1998) |
| restriction methylation | The enzymatic addition of methyl groups to selected adenine and cytosine residues to protect from hydrolysis by certain restriction enzymes. (05 Mar 2000) |
Synonyms : DNA Restriction Enzyme, Restriction Endonuclease, Endonuclease, Restriction, Endonucleases, Restriction, Enzymes, DNA Restriction, Restriction Enzyme, DNA, Restriction Enzymes, DNA
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|