| 영문 | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | 한글 | 데옥시리보핵산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 핵산의 일종으로 DNA라고도 한다. Deoxyribonucleotide의 중합체이며 유전자의 화학적 본체이다. RNA바이러스 이외의 모든 생물은 DNA를 유전자로 지니고 있다. 디옥시리보뉴클레오티드(deoxyribonucleotide)는 염기와 당(2'-deoxy-D-ribose)과 인산으로 이루어진다. 염기는 아데닌(adenine), 구아닌(guanine), 티민(thymine)및 시토신(cytosine)의 4가지이며, 이것은 당에 부착되어 있다. 인산 역시 당의 한 부분에 부착되어 있다. 이 deoxyribonucleotide의 당은 다른 deoxy- ribonucleotide의 당과 인산을 사이에 놓고 결합을 하게 되어 하나의 긴 사슬을 형성하게 된다. 즉 당과 인산이 주축이 되어서 deoxyribonucleotide의 긴 사슬을 만든다. 이 deoxyribonucleotide의 사슬 두 개는 각각 deoxyribonucleotide에 부착되어 있는 염기들이 결합을 하여 두 개의 사슬이 결합되어 있는 이중나선 구조를 만들게 된다. 4가지 염기 아데닌은 티민과 결합을 하고, 시토신과 결합을 하게 된다. 즉 당과 인산은 긴 사슬을 만드는 역할을 하고 긴 사슬에 부착된 염기들의 결합에 의해서 두 개의 긴 사슬은 서로 붙어서 이중나선 구조를 만든다. DNA의 유전정보는 염기에 저장된다. 4개의 염기의 조합과 배열이 유전정보를 보관하는 하나의 암호 역할을 행하게 된다. |
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| 영문 | DNA | 한글 | 디옥시리보핵산, 디엔에이 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | Deoxyribonucleic acid의 약어. 데옥시리보스를 구성성분으로 하는 핵산. 유전자의 화학적 본태로서 염색체에 존재한다. 데옥시리보스에 유기염기와 인산이 결합한 뉴클레오티드(구성단위)가 포스포디에스테르결합에 의해 긴사슬 중합체를 형성하며, 두 개의 긴사슬이 서로 비틀려 꼬인 나선구조를 취한다. 디옥시리보뉴클레오티드(deoxyribonucleotide)는 염기와 당(2'-deoxy-D-riboe)과 인산으로 이루어진다. 염기는 아데닌(adenine), 구아닌(guanine), 티민(thymine) 및 시토신(cytosine)의 네가지이며, 이것은 당에 부착되어 있다. 인산 역시 당의 한 부분에 부착되어 있다. 이 디옥시리보뉴클레오티드의 당은 다른 디옥시리보뉴클레오티드의 당과 인산을 사이에 놓고 결합하게 되어 하나의 긴 사슬을 형성하게 된다. |
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| IRDP | insulin-related DNA polymorphism |
|---|---|
| PIC | Personality Inventory for Children; polymorphism information content |
| RELP | restriction fragment length polymorphism |
| RFLP | restriction fragment length polymorphism |
| SSCP | single-stranded conformational polymorphism |
| b-DNA | Branched DNA |
|---|---|
| DNA MTase | DNA methytransferase |
| DNA-MG | DNA Malignancy Grade |
| DNA-PK | DNA dependent protein kinase |
| DNA P | DNA polymerase |
IGF-II : insulin like growth factor-II의 약자. 많은 장기와 조직에 작용하여 단백 합성과 DNA, RNA의 합성을 증가시켜 세포의 수와 양을 증가
| DNA polymorphism | A condition in which one of two different but normal nucleotide sequences can exist at a particular site in DNA. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| amplified fragment length polymorphism | <technique> Invented by KeyGene, a Dutch biotech company based in Wageningen, Holland. The technique is now merchandised under licence agreement by Perkin Elmer. Selected markers are amplified in a PCR, which makes amplified fragment length polymorphism an easy and fast tool for strain identification in agriculture, botany, microbiology and animal breeding. Acronym: AFLP (05 Feb 1998) |
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| balanced polymorphism | <genetics> A type of polymorphism where the many morphs are alleles. The polymorphism is maintained in a population rather than the norm of one allele eventually becoming the only allele in the population, because individuals who are heterozygous, or have two different alleles, are more adaptive (more fit) than individuals who are homozygous, or have two copies of the same allele. (09 Oct 1997) |
| genetic polymorphism | The occurrence in the same population of multiple discrete alletic states of which at least two have high frequency (conventionally of 1% or more). (05 Mar 2000) |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism | <molecular biology, technique> A method that allows familial relationships to be established by comparing the characteristic polymorphic patterns that are obtained when certain regions of genomic DNA are amplified (typically by PCR) and cut with certain restriction enzymes. The variation in the length of DNA fragments produced by a restriction endonuclease that cuts at a polymorphic locus. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes. This is a key tool in DNA fingerprinting, reflecting the existence of different alleles in the individual. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping is also used in plant breeding to see if a key trait such as disease resistance is inherited. In principle, an individual can be identified unambiquously by restriction fragment length polymorphism hence the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism in forensic analysis of blood, hair or semen). Similarly, if a polymorphism can be identified close to the locus of a genetic defect, it provides a valuable marker for tracing the inheritance of the defect. Synonym: DNA fingerprinting. Acronym: RFLP (12 Jan 1998) |
| restriction length polymorphism | Fragment length polymorphism, the existence of allelic forms recognizable by the length of fragments that result when the nucleotide chain is treated by a specific restriction enzyme that cleaves wherever a particular sequence of nucleotides occurs. A mutation in this sequence changes cleaving and hence the number of fragments. (05 Mar 2000) |
| restriction-site polymorphism | DNA polymorphism in which the sequence of one form of the polymorphism contains a recognition site for a particular endonuclease, but the sequence of the other form lacks such a site. (05 Mar 2000) |
| corneal endothelial polymorphism | A greater than normal variation in the shape of the cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| polymorphism | 1. <genetics> The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more alleles of a gene, where the frequency of the rarer alleles is greater than can be explained by recurrent mutation alone (typically greater than 1%). The concept includes chromosome polymorphism. HLA alleles of the major histocompatibility complex are very polymorphic. 2. <zoology> The differentiation of various parts of the units of colonial animals into different types of unit specialised for different purposes, for example as in the colonial hydroid Obelia. (04 Jul 1999) |
| polymorphism, single-stranded conformational | Variation occurring within a species in the conformation of denatured DNA fragments. These single-stranded DNA fragments are allowed to partially renature in a way that prevents the formation of double-stranded DNA. The fragments are run on polyacrylamide gels under various conditions to detect subtle changes in migration due to altered secondary structure. The resulting bands will align themselves if the fragments are the same, but will misalign if any point mutations are present. Sscps have been used in detecting mutations in various genes, such as oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, and genes responsible for genetic diseases. (12 Dec 1998) |
| single stranded conformational polymorphism | Technique for detecting point mutations in genes by amplifying a region of genomic DNA (using asymmetric PCR) and running the resulting product on a high quality gel. Single base substitutions can alter the secondary structure of the fragment in the gel, producing a visible shift in its mobility. (18 Nov 1997) |
| lipoprotein polymorphism | Heritable variations in low density beta-lipoproteins; the variant lipoproteins exhibit different antigenic and chemical properties when compared with normal lipoproteins. (05 Mar 2000) |
| DNA-directed DNA polymerase | <enzyme> DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair. Chemical name: Deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) Registry number: EC 2.7.7.7 (12 Dec 1998) |
| A-DNA | A form of DNA in which the helix is right-handed and the overall appearance is short and broad. (05 Mar 2000) |
| a-form DNA | <molecular biology> One of several forms that can be assumed by a double helix. A-DNA is stable in dehydrated conditions. This form is less common than the dominant form found under physiological conditions -- beta-DNA. This form is also assumed by DNA-RNA hybrid helices and by regions of double-stranded RNA. It is a right-handed helix and is a more compact form than beta-DNA. (09 Oct 1997) |
| antisense DNA | <molecular biology> A synthetic DNA strand that is complementary to a particular strand of target DNA with a complementary sequence of bases. This results in preventing expression of the gene encoded. These proteins can be used to selectively turn off production of certain proteins or block viral genetic instructions, by marking them for destruction by cellular enzymes, in order to prevent the building of new virus or the infection of new cells. (14 Nov 1997) |
| DNA polymorphism |
Difference in DNA sequence among individuals or lines that permits genetic linkage analysis or DNA marker-aided selection.
출처: www.knowledgebank.irri.org/glossary/Glossary/D.htm
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| DNA polymorphism |
One of two or more alternate forms (alleles) of a chromosomal locus that differ in nucleotide sequence or have variable numbers of repeated nucleotide units
출처: www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1994/glossary...
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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