| solitons | <radiobiology> Stable, shape-preserving and localised solutions of nonlinear classical field equations. Of recent interest as possible models of extended elementary particles. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| fractals | Patterns (real or mathematical) which look similar at different scales, for example the network of airways in the lung which shows similar branching patterns at progressively higher magnifications. Natural fractals are self-similar across a finite range of scales while mathematical fractals are the same across an infinite range. Many natural, including biological, structures are fractal (or fractal-like). Fractals are related to "chaos" (see nonlinear dynamics) in that chaotic processes can produce fractal structures in nature, and appropriate representations of chaotic processes usually reveal self-similarity over time. (12 Dec 1998) |
| mathematical chaos | A dynamic system so sensitive to its precise current state (which in practice will never be known exactly) that its behaviour, though deterministic, is indistinguishable from random. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chaos | 1. State of such total disorganization that it has no constructive predicates. 2. A state in which no causal relationships are operating. Origin: G., primeval formless void (05 Mar 2000) |
| chaos theory | A branch of mathematics dealing with events and processes that cannot be predicted precisely on the basis of conventional mathematical theories or laws; some biological processes, e.g., spread of malignant disease, appear to conform to chaos theory, at least sometimes. (05 Mar 2000) |
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