| 영문 | burn | 한글 | 화상 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 화상이란 열에 의한 신체조직의 손상을 말한다. 1. 화상의 정도 피부는 신체의 가장 겉에서 신체를 보호하는 역할을 하는 것이므로 대부분의 화상은 피부를 손상시킨다. 피부는 해부학적으로 진피, 표피, 그리고 피하조직의 3개의 층으로 나뉜다. 화상의 정도는 피부의 손상정도에 따라 1, 2, 3, 4도 화상을 분류한다. -1도화상－표피만이 열로 손상을 받은 경우를 말한다. 화상을 입은 피부는 붉은 색을 뛰고 매우 아프다. 대개 1주일 이내로 완전 회복이다. -2도화상－표피의 전층과 일부분의 진피가 손상을 받은 경우를 말한다. 화상부위가 아프며 붉은 색을 띠고 물집이 생긴다. 대개 2주이내에 완전 회복이 된다. -3도화상－진피의 전층과 피하조직의 대부분이 손상을 받은 경우를 말한다. 피부의 감작을 느끼는 신경의 말단은 진피층에 존재하고 있으므로 이 경우에는 화상을 입은 부위에 감각이 없고 아프지도 않다. 그리고 피부의 혈액을 공급하는 혈관도 역시 피하지방층과 진피층의 사이에 존재하므로 이 경우에 혈관도 손상을 받아서 화상을 입은 부위가 매우 건조하게 보인다. 그리고 피부이식이 있기 전에는 완전 회복이 있을 수가 없다. -4도화상－피하조직의 전층과 피하지방층 아래에 존재하는 부분의 손상이 있는 경우를 말한다. 이 경우 화상의 부위의 특징은 거의 3도 화상과 같고 피부이하 부위의 손상에 의한 증상이 보태질 수 있다. 2. 화상의 범위 화상의 범위를 결정하는 것은 화상의 치료법과 예후를 결정하는 데에 아주 중요한 역할을 한다. 화상의 범위를 정하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있으나 9의 규칙(rule of nine)이 간단하고 보편적으로 많이 쓰인다. 머리부위－9%, 팔한쪽－9%, 몸통의 앞면－18%, 몸통의 뒷면－18%, 다리가 각각－18% 해당한다. 즉 머리전체와 한쪽 다리가 화상을 입을 경우의 화상의 범위는 몸 전체의 27%가 화상을 입은 것이다. |
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| 영문 | multiple sclerosis | 한글 | 다발경화증 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경축삭을 둘러싸고 있는 말이집(myelin sheath)의 파괴로 인한 병적상태를 말함. 파괴된 말이집은 흉터를 남기게 되어 신경축삭을 통한 신경전달이 제대로 되지 않아 운동, 감각, 자율신경 모두의 신경전달장애가 나타난다. 이 병터는 어디서나 나타날 수 있어서 그 장애가 나타나는 부위에 따라 서로 다른 증상을 호소한다. |
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| 영문 | multiple myeloma | 한글 | 다발골수종 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 다발성 원발성골종양. 머리뼈-갈비뼈-복장뼈-척추뼈-골반 등에 잘 나타나고, 물렁물렁한 종괴를 형성하며, 뼈의 흡수가 일어나고, 40~60세 남자에게 많이 발생한다. 골수종 종양세포는 형질세포에서 유래한 것이어서 형질세포종이라고도 한다. 과거에는 형질세포성골수종 이외에는 다른 골수조혈요소에서 생기는 골수종이라고 생각했지만 현재는 부정되고 있다. 형질세포는 원래 면역글로불린을 생산하는 세포이며, 그것이 종양화한 다발 골수종 환자에서도 대부분 혈청 속에 면역 글로불린이 증가된 것을 볼 수 있다. 증가한 글로불린은 IgG나 IgA인 경우가 많지만 다른 형도 있다. 골수종 환자 약 50%는 오줌에서 벤스죤스단백질이 검출되는데, 이 단백질의 축적에 의해 요세관이 파괴되고, 콩팥경화가 일어난다. 골수종 환자에서는 혈청단백 이상으로 가끔 아밀로이드증이 나타난다. 뼈 X선 소견으로서는 도려낸 병터, 골융해상, 병적골절이 관찰된다. |
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| 영문 | multiple personality | 한글 | 다인성 인격 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 해리성 정신장애의 하나로 나타난다. 한 사람이 여러 사람의 성격을 소유하고 있는 것으로 마치 “지킬박사와 하이드 씨”와 같은 경우이다. 아마, 현재 자신의 처지에서 벗어나고 싶은 무의식적인 욕망에서 비롯되는 것으로 여겨진다. |
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| ECG | Electro-Cardio-Graphy(-Gram); 심전도 = EKG 1. Conducting System Structu... |
|---|---|
| STANDOUT | soft thresholding and depth cueing of unspecified techniques |
| URD | unspecified respiratory disease; upper respiratory disease |
| MFA | master of fine arts [degree]; monofluoroacetate; multifocal functional autonomy; multiple factor ana... |
| BDC | Bazex-Dupre-Christol [syndrome]; burn-dressing change |
| MBI | Maslach Burn-out Inventory |
|---|---|
| PBD | post burn days |
| % TBSA | Total burn surface area |
| PB | post burn |
| NTR | 3'-non-translated regions |
| second degree burn | A burn involving the epidermis and dermis and usually forming blisters that may be superficial, or by deep dermal necrosis, followed by epithelial regeneration extending from the skin appendages. Synonym: partial-thickness burn. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| third degree burn | A burn involving destruction of the entire skin; deep third-degree burns extend into subcutaneous fat, muscle, or bone and often cause much scarring. Synonym: full-thickness burn. (05 Mar 2000) |
| first degree burn | A burn involving only the epidermis and causing erythema and oedema without vesiculation. Synonym: superficial burn. (05 Mar 2000) |
| burns, first degree | A first degree burn is superficial and has similar characteristics to a typical sun burn. The skin is red in colour and sensation is intact. In fact, it is usually somewhat painful. (12 Dec 1998) |
| burns, second degree | Second degree burns look similar to the first degree burns in that it is red and sensation is intact; however, the damage is severe enough to cause blistering of the skin and the pain is usually somewhat more intense. (12 Dec 1998) |
| burns, third degree | In third degree burns the damage has progressed to the point of skin death. The skin is white and without sensation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| second degree A-V block | See: atrioventricular block. (05 Mar 2000) |
| degree | 1. A step, stair, or staircase. "By ladders, or else by degree." (Rom. Of R) 2. One of a series of progressive steps upward or downward, in quality, rank, acquirement, and the like; a stage in progression; grade; gradation; as, degrees of vice and virtue; to advance by slow degrees; degree of comparison. 3. The point or step of progression to which a person has arrived; rank or station in life; position. "A dame of high degree." . "A knight is your degree." . "Lord or lady of high degree." 4. Measure of advancement; quality; extent; as, tastes differ in kind as well as in degree. "The degree of excellence which proclaims genius, is different in different times and different places." (Sir. J. Reynolds) 5. Grade or rank to which scholars are admitted by a college or university, in recognition of their attainments; as, the degree of bachelor of arts, master, doctor, etc. In the United States diplomas are usually given as the evidence of a degree conferred. In the humanities the first degree is that of bachelor of arts (B. A. Or A. B); the second that of master of arts (M. A. Or A. M). The degree of bachelor (of arts, science, divinity, law, etc) is conferred upon those who complete a prescribed course of undergraduate study. The first degree in medicine is that of doctor of medicine (M. D). The degrees of master and doctor are sometimes conferred, in course, upon those who have completed certain prescribed postgraduate studies, as doctor of philosophy (Ph. D); but more frequently the degree of doctor is conferred as a complimentary recognition of eminent services in science or letters, or for public services or distinction (as doctor of laws (LL. D) or doctor of divinity (D. D), when they are called honorary degrees. "The youth attained his bachelor's degree, and left the university." (Macaulay) 5. A certain distance or remove in the line of descent, determining the proximity of blood; one remove in the chain of relationship; as, a relation in the third or fourth degree. "In the 11th century an opinion began to gain ground in Italy, that third cousins might marry, being in the seventh degree according to the civil law." (Hallam) 7. <mathematics> Three figures taken together in numeration; thus, 140 is one degree, 222,140 two degrees. 8. <mathematics> State as indicated by sum of exponents; more particularly, the degree of a term is indicated by the sum of the exponents of its literal factors; thus, a^2b^2c is a term of the sixth degree. The degree of a power, or radical, is denoted by its index, that of an equation by the greatest sum of the exponents of the unknown quantities in any term; thus, ax^4 + bx^2 = c, and mx^2y^2 + nyx = p, are both equations of the fourth degree. 9. <mathematics> A 360th part of the circumference of a circle, which part is taken as the principal unit of measure for arcs and angles. The degree is divided into 60 minutes and the minute into 60 seconds. 10. A division, space, or interval, marked on a mathematical or other instrument, as on a thermometer. 11. A line or space of the staff. The short lines and their spaces are added degrees. Accumulation of degrees. <geometry> On the earth, the distance on a meridian between two parallels of latitude whose latitudes differ from each other by one degree. This distance is not the same on different parts of a meridian, on account of the flattened figure of the earth, being 68.702 statute miles at the equator, and 69.396 at the poles. Degree of longitude, the distance on a parallel of latitude between two meridians that make an angle of one degree with each other at the poles a distance which varies as the cosine of the latitude, being at the equator 69.16 statute miles. To a degree, to an extreme; exceedingly; as, mendacious to a degree. "It has been said that Scotsmen . . . Are . . . Grave to a degree on occasions when races more favored by nature are gladsome to excess." (Prof. Wilson) Origin: F. Degre, OF. Degret, fr. LL. Degradare. See Degrade. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| zero degree teeth | Prosthetic teeth having no cusp angles in relation to the horizontal. (05 Mar 2000) |
| first degree A-V block | See: atrioventricular block. (05 Mar 2000) |
| broadcast burn | Controlled fire over the entire surface of a designated area. (05 Dec 1998) |
| brush burn | A burn caused by friction of a rapidly moving object against the skin or ground into the skin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| burn | 1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat. 2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn. 3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand. 1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. "We'll burn his body in the holy place." 2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass. 3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime. 4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block. 5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper. "This tyrant fever burns me up." (Shak) "This dry sorrow burns up all my tears." (Dryden) "When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . It devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the ass as fire." (Ecclus. Xliii. 20, 21) 6. <surgery> To apply a cautery to; to cauterize. 7. <chemistry> To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen. <engineering> To burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal, to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state. To burn a bowl, to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be burned. To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc. To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. "Must you with hot irons burn out mine eyes?" . To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely. Origin: OE. Bernen, brennen, v.t, early confused with beornen, birnen, v.i, AS. Baernan, bernan, v.t, birnan, v.i.; akin to OS. Brinnan, OFries. Barna, berna, OHG. Brinnan, brennan, G. Brennen, OD. Bernen, D. Branden, Dan. Braende, Sw. Branna, brinna, Icel. Brenna, Goth. Brinnan, brannjan (in comp), and possibly to E. Fervent. 1. To be of fire; to flame. "The mount burned with fire." 2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat. "Your meat doth burn, quoth I." (Shak) 3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever. "Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way?" (Luke xxiv. 32) "The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Burned on the water." (Shak) "Burning with high hope." (Byron) "The groan still deepens, and the combat burns." (Pope) "The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire." (Milton) 4. <chemistry> To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine. 5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| Burn and Rand theory | That stimulation of sympathetic fibres results first in the production of acetylcholine in the postganglionic nerve endings, which then release norepinephrine to act on the active site of the effector cell. (05 Mar 2000) |
| burn units | Specialised hospital facilities which provide intensive care for burn patients. (12 Dec 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|