| ¿µ¹® | amino acids | ÇÑ±Û | ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ¾Æ¹Ì³ë±â(£NH3)¿Í Ä«¸£º¹½Ç±â(£COOH)¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç À¯±â¹°Áú. ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â ±âº»´ÜÀ§°¡ µÈ´Ù. Áï ´Ü¹éÁúÀº ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÌ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î¼ ÀÌ·ç´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÎü¿¡¼´Â ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÌ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ ±âº»´ÜÀ§°¡ µÇ´Â °Í¿Ü¿¡ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷¿Í ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¼·Î ¿¬¶ôÀ» ÁÖ°í ¹Þ´Âµ¥ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°Áú·Î¼ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒµµ ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁúÀº 20°¡ÁöÀÇ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. Áï »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ÇÕ¼ºÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â 20°¡ÁöÀÇ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼ 11°¡Áö´Â ÀÎü³»¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢ ÇÕ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ³ª¸ÓÁö 9°¡Áö´Â ÇÕ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°í ¹Ýµå½Ã À½½Ä¹°¿¡¼ ¼·ÃëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» Çʼö¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | electrolyte | ÇÑ±Û | ÀüÇØÁú |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ³ªÆ®·ý, Ä®·ý µî°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ë¾× ¼Ó¿¡¼ ÀÌ¿ÂÀ¸·Î º¯ÈµÇ¾î ÀüÇϸ¦ °®°í, ±× ¿ë¾×ÀÌ Àü±âÀüµµ¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¹°Áú. |
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| ¿µ¹® | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | ÇÑ±Û | µ¥¿Á½Ã¸®º¸ÇÙ»ê |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ÇÙ»êÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾À¸·Î DNA¶ó°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù. DeoxyribonucleotideÀÇ ÁßÇÕüÀ̸ç À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÈÇÐÀû º»Ã¼ÀÌ´Ù. RNA¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç »ý¹°Àº DNA¸¦ À¯ÀüÀÚ·Î Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. µð¿Á½Ã¸®º¸´ºÅ¬·¹¿ÀƼµå(deoxyribonucleotide)´Â ¿°±â¿Í ´ç(2'-deoxy-D-ribose)°ú ÀλêÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ¿°±â´Â ¾Æµ¥´Ñ(adenine), ±¸¾Æ´Ñ(guanine), Ƽ¹Î(thymine)¹× ½ÃÅä½Å(cytosine)ÀÇ 4°¡ÁöÀ̸ç, À̰ÍÀº ´ç¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎ»ê ¿ª½Ã ´çÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ deoxyribonucleotideÀÇ ´çÀº ´Ù¸¥ deoxy- ribonucleotideÀÇ ´ç°ú ÀλêÀ» »çÀÌ¿¡ ³õ°í °áÇÕÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ÇϳªÀÇ ±ä »ç½½À» Çü¼ºÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Áï ´ç°ú ÀλêÀÌ ÁÖÃàÀÌ µÇ¾î¼ deoxyribonucleotideÀÇ ±ä »ç½½À» ¸¸µç´Ù. ÀÌ deoxyribonucleotideÀÇ »ç½½ µÎ °³´Â °¢°¢ deoxyribonucleotide¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¿°±âµéÀÌ °áÇÕÀ» ÇÏ¿© µÎ °³ÀÇ »ç½½ÀÌ °áÇյǾî ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÁß³ª¼± ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸¸µé°Ô µÈ´Ù. 4°¡Áö ¿°±â ¾Æµ¥´ÑÀº Ƽ¹Î°ú °áÇÕÀ» Çϰí, ½ÃÅä½Å°ú °áÇÕÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Áï ´ç°ú ÀλêÀº ±ä »ç½½À» ¸¸µå´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ±ä »ç½½¿¡ ºÎÂøµÈ ¿°±âµéÀÇ °áÇÕ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ µÎ °³ÀÇ ±ä »ç½½Àº ¼·Î ºÙ¾î¼ ÀÌÁß³ª¼± ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. DNAÀÇ À¯ÀüÁ¤º¸´Â ¿°±â¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. 4°³ÀÇ ¿°±âÀÇ Á¶ÇÕ°ú ¹è¿ÀÌ À¯ÀüÁ¤º¸¸¦ º¸°üÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¾ÏÈ£ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | retinoic acid | ÇÑ±Û | ·¹Æ¼³ë»ê |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | C20H28O2. ºñŸ¹Î AÀÇ ¾ËÄڿñ⸦ ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå·Î »êÈÇÑ ÈÄ ´Ù½Ã Ä«¸£º¹½Ç»êÀ¸·Î »êÈÇÏ¿© ¾òÀº »ê. ¹ß»ýÁßÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇüŸ¦ ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | ribonucleic acid | ÇÑ±Û | ¸®º¸ÇÙ»ê |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | Ribonucleotide monomer·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ÇÙ»êÀ¸·Î ¿°±â, ´ç, ÀλêÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¿°±â´Â adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracilÀÇ 4Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´çÀº 5ź´çÀÌ´Ù. RNA´Â DNA¸¦ ÁÖÇüÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© »óº¸ÀûÀ¸·Î °áÇÕ, Çü¼ºµÇ¸ç ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â µ¥¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Àü·É RNA(mRNA)´Â ´Ü¹éÁú ÇÕ¼º¿¡ ÀÖ¾î °¡Àå ±âº»ÀÌ µÇ´Â DNAÀÇ ¼¿À» »óº¸ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿Å°Ü ¹Þ¾Æ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â Àü·É±¸½ÇÀ» ÇÏ´Â RNA. ¸®º¸¼Ø RNA(rRNA) ¸®º¸¼ØÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â 4°¡Áö RNA»ç½½(28S, 18S, 5.8S, 5S·Î ±¸¼º). Àü´Þ RNA(tRNA) ƯÁ¤ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀ» ÇÑÂÊ ³¡¿¡ Áö´Ï°í »óº¸Àû ¼¿ÀÇ mRNA¿Í ÀϽÃÀû °áÇÕÀ» ÀÌ·ç¸ç ´Ü¹éÁú ÇÕ¼º¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ±â¿©ÇÏ´Â RNAÀÌ´Ù. |
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| EAA | electroacupuncture analgesia; Epilepsy Association of America; essential amino acid; excitatory amin... |
|---|---|
| AA | abdominal aorta; acetic acid; achievement age; active alcoholic; active assistive [range of motion];... |
| AAN | AIDS-associated nephropathy; alpha-amino nitrogen; American Academy of Neurology; American Academy o... |
| D5W | 5% dextrose in water |
| D5W | 5% dextrose in water |
| BGE | Background electrolyte |
|---|---|
| CE | Carbohydrate-electrolyte |
| CEC | Critical electrolyte concentration |
| PEG-ELS | Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution |
| aa | 212-amino-acid |
para-amino salicylic acid
| amphoteric electrolyte | An electrolyte that can either give up or take on a hydrogen ion and can thus behave as either an acid or a base. Synonym: ampholyte. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| water-electrolyte balance | The state of the body in relation to the intake and excretion of water and electrolytes, particularly sodium and potassium. It exists in a metabolic balance internally with body fluid compartments, total body water, blood volume, extracellular space, etc., externally through sensible and insensible sweating. The hypothalamus controls water balance. (12 Dec 1998) |
| water-electrolyte imbalance | Disturbances in the body's water-electrolyte metabolism. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrolyte | <chemistry> A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity, an ionic solute. Origin: Gr. Lytos = that may be dissolved (18 Nov 1997) |
| electrolyte imbalance | <biochemistry> An inappropriate level of a blood electrolyte. Typically this relates to abnormal level of sodium, potassium or chloride in the bloodstream. (27 Sep 1997) |
| electrolyte metabolism | The chemical changes that various essential minerals (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) undergo in the tissues. (05 Mar 2000) |
| electrolyte profile | <biochemistry> A test which includes the measurement of the sodium, potassium, C02 and chloride concentrations in venous blood. (27 Sep 1997) |
| electrolyte solution | <chemistry> A solution containing charged atoms or molecules. (09 Oct 1997) |
| acidic amino acid | An Amino acid with a second acid moiety, e.g., glutamic acid, aspartic acid, cysteic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| activated amino acid | The product formed by the condensation of the acyl radical of an amino acid and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (originally in the form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, with elimination of a pyrophosphoric group). Formed in the first step of protein biosynthesis. Synonym: activated amino acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid | <chemical> Alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid. An ibotenic acid homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the ampa subtype of glutamate receptors (receptors, ampa). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. Pharmacological action: excitatory amino acid agonists. Chemical name: 4-Isoxazolepropanoic acid, alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo- (12 Dec 1998) |
| alpha-amino acid | Typically, an amino acid of the general formula R-CHNH2-COOH (i.e., the NH2 in the a position); the l forms of these are the hydrolysis products of proteins. In rarer usages, this class of molecules also includes alpha-amino phosphoric acids and alpha-aminosulfonic acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-amino acid esterase | <enzyme> Converts alpha-amino acid esters and water to alpha-amino acids and alcohol Registry number: EC 3.1.1.43 Synonym: alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
| alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipic acid | 2-Amino-3-oxo-1,6-hexanedioic acid;an intermediate of porphobilinogen synthesis formed by d-aminolevulinic acid synthase from succinyl-CoA and glycine; it rapidly decarboxylates to d-aminolevulinic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| amino acid | <biochemistry> A class of organic molecules that containing an amino group and can combine in linear arrays to form proteins in living organisms. There are twenty common amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspargine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. They are key components in all living things from which proteins are synthesised by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA. All the amino acids have the L configuration, except glycine which is not optically active. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by post translational enzymatic modification of amino acid residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Amino acids can now be produced by biotechnology in bulk using fermentation and biotransformation. Acronym: AA (13 Nov 1997) |
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