| 영문 | VDRL(venereal disease research laboratory) | 한글 | 성병 연구실험실 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 매독균의 reagin에 대한 항체. 매독의 선별검사로 사용되며 매독 치료에 대한 반응 여부와 치료효과 판정에도 사용된다. 매독외에도 전신성홍반성낭창, 류마티스관절염 등에서도 양성으로 나타날 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | Dilatation and Curettage(D & C) | 한글 | 자궁긁어냄술, 자궁목확장 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자궁이란 태아가 수태되어서 분만전까지 발육하고 성장하는 공간이다. 자궁속에 병변이 있어 임신이 계속될 수 없거나 아니면 다른 이유로 임신되어 있는 태아를 제거하고자 할 경우에 사용되는 방법이다. 여기서 긁어내기 위하여는 우선 자궁의 입구에 해당하는 자궁목을 확장시켜야 한다. 여기에는 급속히 확장을 시도하는 법과 서서히 확장을 시도하는 2가지 방법이 있다. 자궁목을 급속히 확장할 때는 헤가르 목관확장기(Hegar's dilatator)를 사용한다. 이것은 작은 금속막대로 작은 크기부터 큰 크기까지 다양한 크기가 있어서 우선 작은 막대로 시작하여 점점 큰 크기의 막대를 자궁목에 넣어서 자궁목을 확장시킨다. 서서히 확장시킬 때는 Laminaria tent를 목관에 삽입하는 방법을 사용한다. Laminaria tent란 해초로 만든 작은 막대로 수분을 흡수하면 점점 늘어나는 성질이 있다. 이것을 자궁의 목에 넣으면 이것이 수분을 흡수하여 늘어나므로 천천히 자궁의 목이 늘어난다. 자궁목이 충분히 늘어나면 그 속으로 끝이 숟가락처럼 생긴 기구를 넣어서 자궁속의 병변이나 임신된 태아를 긁어내는데 여기에 사용되는 숟가락처럼 생긴 기구를 큐렛이라고 한다. 초기 임신중절 즉 유산과 같은 임신과 관련된 경우뿐만 아니라, 비임신 자궁의 자궁내막조직의 채취 및 제거를 위해서도 행해지는 수기이다. 이는 원칙적으로 마취하에 실시되는 것으로 자궁목관을 확장하고 기구로 자궁 내용물을 제거하고 큐렛으로 자궁내벽을 깨끗이 한다. 자궁천공이나 자궁목의 파열 등의 위험이 따르며, 수술후 감염 또는 출혈 등에 대한 주의가 필요하다. |
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| 영문 | health | 한글 | 건강 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신체적-정신적으로 병이 없는 상태. 세계보건기구(WHO)의 헌장에는 “건강이란 질병이 없거나 허약하지 않은 것만 말하는 것이 아니라 신체적-정신적-사회적으로 완전히 안녕한 상태에 놓여 있는 것”이라고 정의하고 있다. 사람은 인종-종교-정치-경제-사회의 상태 여하를 불문하고 고도의 건강을 누릴 권리가 있다는 것을 명시한 것이다. 즉 과거에는, 건강이란 육체적-정신적으로 질병이나 이상이 없고, 개인적으로 정상적인 생활을 영위할 수 있는 신체상태를 말하였으나, 오늘날에는 개인이 사회생활에 의존하는 경향이 커짐에 따라서 사회가 각 개인의 건강에 기대하는 것도 많아졌기 때문에 사회적인 건강이란 면에서 이와 같은 정의가 생겨난 것으로 보인다. 한국의 헌법에는 건강을 “모든 국민이 마땅히 누려야 할 기본적인 권리”라고 규정하고 있어 건강을 하나의 기본권적 개념으로 보고 있다. 또한 질병이 없는 상태라는 수동적 건강에 대한 태도에서, 금주-금연 등 생활습관의 변화나 운동 같은 적극적으로 건강해지려는 노력 등 능동적 태도가 강조되고 있다. 건강의 구체적 요소로는 육체적인 형태적 요소(신장-체중과 같은 외형적 계측값이나 내장의 여러 기관 등)와 기능적 요소(여러 기관의 생리기능이나 종합적인 체력 등), 정신기능적 요소로 분류하여 평가하기도 한다. |
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| 영문 | public health | 한글 | 공중보건 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 집단이나 지역사회의 건강을 연구하는 예방의학. 18세기 중엽부터 산업혁명에 의해 인구가 도시로 집중되고 생활환경이 열악화되어 콜레라나 결핵 등이 유행했기 때문에 그 대책으로 탄생하게 되었다. 우리 나라에서는 광복 후부터 보건소의 설치나 대학의 강좌 신설 등 근대적인 공동보건행정이 이루어지게 되었다. 이 때까지는 일제 식민당국의 경찰력에 의한 명령과 단속으로 시종 해왔다. 현재도 우리나라의 도시 환경 정비가 유럽 여러 나라나 미국에 비해 뒤진 것은 이러한 영향 때문이다. 최근에는 공중보건의 주된 목적이 전염병 대책에서 암-뇌중풍-심장병-당뇨병 등 생활습관병 대책으로 옮겨지고 있다. |
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| 영문 | industrial health | 한글 | 산업보건 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 기업체는 근로자의 생명과 건강에 대한 안전위생관리체제가 기업의 종류와 규모에 상응하게 의무화할 필요가 있다. 산업보건이란 이러한 노동위생문제의 개념을 더욱 폭넓게 확대하고 특히 근로자의 건강을 촉진시키고 재해를 예방한다거나 쾌적한 근로환경을 조성할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. |
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| WHRC | World Health Research Centre |
|---|---|
| ADM | abductor digiti minimi; administrative medicine; admission; Adriamycin; Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Ment... |
| OHR | occupational health research; Office of Health Research |
| MHP | hemiplegic migraine; maternal health program; maternal health program; medical center health plan; 1... |
| WHO | World Health Organization; 세계보건기구 |
| AHCPR | Agency for Health Care Policy and Research |
|---|---|
| AHRQ | Agency for Health Care Research and Quality |
| NHMRC | National Health and Medical Research Council |
| WTO | World Trade Organisation |
| WW II | World War II |
| united states agency for health care policy and research | An agency of the public health service established in 1990 to "provide indexing, abstracting, translating, publishing, and other services leading to a more effective and timely dissemination of information on research, demonstration projects, and evaluations with respect to health care to public and private entities and individuals engaged in the improvement of health care delivery.." it supersedes the national centre for health services research. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| world health | The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world. (12 Dec 1998) |
| World Health Organisation | <organisation> A United Nations agency dealing with issues concerning health and disease around the globe. For cancer, the W.H.O. Has an interesting programme in prevention and palliative care. Acronym: WHO (26 Mar 1998) |
| world health organization | A specialised agency of the united nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples. (12 Dec 1998) |
| health outcomes research | The measurement of the value of a particular course of therapy. Health outcomes research is based on the principle that every clinical intervention produces a change in the health status of a patient and that change can be measured. (12 Dec 1998) |
| health services research | The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| arab world | A historical and cultural entity dispersed across a wide geographical area under the administrative, intellectual, social, and cultural domination of the arab empire. The arab world, under the impetus of islam, by the eighth century a.d., extended from arabia in the middle east to all of northern africa, southern spain, sardinia, and sicily. Close contact was maintained with greek and jewish culture. While the principal service of the arabs to medicine was the preservation of greek culture, the arabs themselves were the originators of algebra, chemistry, geology, and many of the refinements of civilization. (12 Dec 1998) |
| camelids, new world | Ruminant mammals of south america. They are related to camels. (12 Dec 1998) |
| greek world | A historical and cultural entity dispersed across a wide geographical area under the influence of greek civilization, culture, and science. The greek empire extended from the greek mainland and the aegean islands from the 16th century b.c., to the indus valley in the 4th century under alexander the great, and to southern italy and sicily. Greek medicine began with homeric and aesculapian medicine and continued unbroken to hippocrates (480-355 b.c.). The classic period of greek medicine was 460-136 b.c. And the graeco-roman period, 156 b.c.-576 a.d. (12 Dec 1998) |
| roman world | A historical and cultural entity dispersed across a wide geographical area under the political domination and influence of ancient rome, bringing to the conquered people the roman civilization and culture from 753 b.c. To the beginning of the imperial rule under augustus in 27 b.c. The early city built on seven hills grew to conquer sicily, sardinia, carthage, gaul, spain, britain, greece, asia minor, etc., and extended ultimately from mesopotamia to the atlantic. Roman medicine was almost entirely in greek hands, but rome, with its superior water system, remains a model of sanitation and hygiene. (12 Dec 1998) |
| western world | A historical and cultural entity dispersed across the wide geographical area of europe, as opposed to the east, asia, and africa. The term was used by scholars through the late medieval period. Thereafter, with the impact of colonialism and the transmission of cultures, western world was sometimes expanded to include the americas. (dr. James h. Cassedy, nlm history of medicine division) (12 Dec 1998) |
| world | 1. The earth and the surrounding heavens; the creation; the system of created things; existent creation; the universe. "The invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen." (Rom. 1. 20) "With desire to know, What nearer might concern him, how this world Of heaven and earth conspicuous first began." (Milton) 2. Any planet or heavenly body, especially when considered as inhabited, and as the scene of interests analogous with human interests; as, a plurality of worlds. "Lord of the worlds above." "Amongst innumerable stars, that shone Star distant, but high-hand seemed other worlds." (Milton) "There may be other worlds, where the inhabitants have never violated their allegiance to their almighty Sovereign." (W. B. Sprague) 3. The earth and its inhabitants, with their concerns; the sum of human affairs and interests. "That forbidden tree, whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and all our woe." (Milton) 4. In a more restricted sense, that part of the earth and its concerns which is known to any one, or contemplated by any one; a division of the globe, or of its inhabitants; human affairs as seen from a certain position, or from a given point of view; also, state of existence; scene of life and action; as, the Old World; the new World; the religious world; the Catholic world; the upper world; the future world; the heathen world. "One of the greatest in the Christian world Shall be my surety." (Shak) "Murmuring that now they must be put to make war beyond the world's end for so they counted Britain." (Milton) 5. The customs, practices, and interests of men; general affairs of life; human society; public affairs and occupations; as, a knowledge of the world. "Happy is she that from the world retires." (Waller) "If knowledge of the world makes man perfidious, May Juba ever live in ignorance." (Addison) 6. Individual experience of, or concern with, life; course of life; sum of the affairs which affect the individual; as, to begin the world with no property; to lose all, and begin the world anew. 7. The inhabitants of the earth; the human race; people in general; the public; mankind. "Since I do purpose to marry, I will think nothing to any purpose that the world can say against it." (Shak) "Tell me, wench, how will the world repute me For undertaking so unstaid a journey?" (Shak) 8. The earth and its affairs as distinguished from heaven; concerns of this life as distinguished from those of the life to come; the present existence and its interests; hence, secular affairs; engrossment or absorption in the affairs of this life; worldly corruption; the ungodly or wicked part of mankind. "I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me; for they are thine." (John xvii. 9) "Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world." (1 John II. 15, 16) 9. As an emblem of immensity, a great multitude or quantity; a large number. "A world of men." . "A world of blossoms for the bee." "Nor doth this wood lack worlds of company." (Shak) "A world of woes dispatched in little space." (Dryden) All . . . In the world, all that exists; all that is possible; as, all the precaution in the world would not save him. A world to see, a wonder to see; something admirable or surprising to see. "O, you are novices; 't is a world to see How tame, when men and women are alone, A meacock wretch can make the curstest shrew." (Shak) For all the world. Precisely; exactly. For any consideration. Seven wonders of the world. To go to the world, to be married. "Thus goes every one to the world but I . .; I may sit in a corner and cry heighho for a husband!" . World's end, the end, or most distant part, of the world; the remotest regions. World without end, eternally; forever; everlastingly; as if in a state of existence having no end. "Throughout all ages, world without end." (Eph. Iii. 21) Origin: OE. World, werld, weorld, weoreld, AS. Weorold, worold; akin to OS. Werold, D. Wereld, OHG. Weralt, worolt, werolt, werlt, G. Welt, Icel. Verold, Sw. Verld, Dan. Verden; properly, the age of man, lifetime, humanity; AS. Wer a man + a word akin to E. Old; cf. AS. Yld lifetime, age, ylde men, humanity. Cf. Werewolf, Old. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| New World leishmaniasis | A grave disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, endemic in southern Mexico and Central and South America, except for the equatorial region of Chile; the organism does not invade the viscera, and the disease is limited to the skin and mucous membranes, the lesions resembling the sores of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. Mexicana or L. Tropica; the chancrous sores heal after a time, but some months or years later, fungating and eroding forms of ulceration may appear on the tongue and buccal or nasal mucosa; many variants of the disease exist, marked by differences in distribution, vector, epidemiology, and pathology, which suggest that it may in fact be caused by a number of closely related aetiological agents. See: espundia. Synonym: American leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis americana, nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis, New World leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Old World leishmaniasis | Infection with promastigotes (leptomonads) of Leishmania tropica and of leishmaniasis major inoculated into the skin by the bite of an infected sandfly, Phlebotomus (commonly P. Papatasi); it is endemic in parts of Asia Minor, northern Africa, and India, and is known by innumerable names, each indicating its locality (e.g., Aleppo, Baghdad, Delhi, or Jericho boil; Aden ulcer; Biskra button); the ulcer begins as a papule that enlarges to a nodule and then breaks down into an ulcer. Two distinctive clinical and epidemiological diseases are recognised, the more common and widespread zoonotic rural disease with a moist acute form, caused by L. Major, with reservoir rodent hosts; and an urban, anthroponotic, dry, chronic form of leishmaniasis caused by leishmaniasis tropica, without a reservoir host, and now largely controlled. See: zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Synonym: juccuya, Old World leishmaniasis, tropical sore. (05 Mar 2000) |
| civilian health and medical program of the uniformed services | See: CHAMPUS. (12 Dec 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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