| tunica interna bulbi | Light sensitive layer of the eye. In vertebrates, looking from outside, there are four major cell layers: (i) the outer neural retina, which contains neurons (ganglion cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells) as well as blood vessels, (ii) the photoreceptor layer, a single layer of rods and cones, (iii) the pigmented retinal epithelium (PRE or RPE), (iv) the choroid, composed of connective tissue, fibroblasts and including a well vascularised layer, the chorio capillaris, underlying the basal lamina of the PRE. Behind the choroid is the sclera, a thick organ capsule. In molluscs (especially cephalopods such as the squid) the retina has the light sensitive cells as the outer layer with the neural and supporting tissues below. See: retinal rods, retinal cones, rhodopsin. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| tunica interna thecae folliculi | <embryology> The inner cellular and vascular layer of the vesicular ovarian follicle. There is evidence that the epithelioid cells produce oestrogen and contribute to the formation of the corpus luteum after ovulation. Synonym: theca interna. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica intima | <anatomy> The innermost coat of blood vessels, consisting of a thin lining of endothelial cells longitudinally oriented and continuous with the endothelium of capillaries on the one hand and the endocardium of the heart on the other. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tunica media | <anatomy> The middle coat of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tunica muscularis | The muscular, usually middle, layer of a tubular structure; for most of the gastrointestinal tract, it consists of an outer longitudinal layer of muscle and an inner circular layer. Synonym: tunica muscularis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis bronchiorum | Muscular layer of the bronchial wall. Synonym: tunica muscularis bronchiorum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis coli | Muscular layer of the wall of the colon. Synonym: tunica muscularis coli. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis ductus deferentis | Muscular layer of the wall of the ductus deferens. Synonym: tunica muscularis ductus deferentis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis gastrica | Muscular tunic of the stomach, consisting of smooth muscles arranged in three fairly well defined layers: an outer longitudinal layer, continuous with that of the oesophagus but dividing at the cardia into two bands which run along the greater and lesser curvatures, leaving the middle areas of the anterior and posterior walls devoid of longitudinal fibres, and then coalescing in the pyloric region into a complete layer which is continuous with the longitudinal coat of the duodenum. The middle circular layer is most complete and strongest, continuous with the circular layer of the oesophagus at the cardia; it thickens progressively toward the pylorus, ultimately forming the muscular ring of the pyloric sphincter. The inner, oblique layer is unique to the stomach and is most strongly developed in the fundic region and absent along the lesser curvature. This absence contributes to the formation of the "gastric canal." See: oblique fibres of stomach. Synonym: tunica muscularis gastrica, tunica muscularis ventriculi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis intestini tenuis | Muscular layer of the wall of the small intestine. Synonym: tunica muscularis intestini tenuis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis oesophagi | Muscular layer of the oesophageal wall. Synonym: tunica muscularis oesophagi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis pharyngis | Muscular layer of the pharyngeal wall. In contrast with the muscular coats of the rest of the gastrointestinal tract (except anal canal), that of the pharynx has an outer circular layer and an inner longitudinal layer. Synonym: tunica muscularis pharyngis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis recti | Muscular layer of the wall of the rectum. Synonym: tunica muscularis recti. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis tracheae | Muscular layer of the tracheal wall. Synonym: tunica muscularis tracheae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tunica muscularis tubae uterinae | Muscular layer of the wall of the uterine tube. Synonym: tunica muscularis tubae uterinae. (05 Mar 2000) |